The And Succession Management Processes Include...

Talent Management9 and Succession Planning.10 Talent management processes include attracting, developing, and retaining the individuals who have potential for success in organizations. It includes actions taken to manage the development of those individuals to ensure their competitiveness for future opportunities. An organization’s ability to attract, develop, promote, and retain diverse talent happens through proactive measures. Succession planning includes managing the development of employees to enhance skill levels and support continued preparation for advancement to key positions.11 Introduction There are numerous ways in which various individuals have defined diversity. Definitions of the term range from narrow to very broad. Narrow definitions tend to reflect Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) law and define diversity in terms of race, gender, ethnicity, age, national origin, religion and disability (Wheeler, 1994). Broader and more inclusive definitions may also include sexual/affectional orientation; values; personality characteristics; education; language; physical appearance; marital status; lifestyle; beliefs; and background characteristics such as geographic origin, tenure with the organization, economic status, and other ways in which we differ (Carr, 1993; Hayles Russell, 1997; Triandis, 1994). More precisely, diversity refers to the presence of differing cultures; languages; ethnicity; races; sexual orientations; religious sects; abilities;Show MoreRelatedEffective Organizational Support For Professional Advancement1279 Words   |  6 PagesDeveloping a transpar ent organizational commitment to succession planning creates an opportunistic culture encouraging professional development and increasing opportunities for high-potential employees (Bolton Roy, 2004; Rothwell, 2010; Swan Moye, 2009). Transparent organizational support for professional advancement has the potential to boost morale and improve nursing retention (Coonan, 2005). Succession planning efforts at the nurse manager level provide staff nurses an opportunity to exploreRead MoreEssay about In Pursuit of Talent Management1582 Words   |  7 PagesHuman capital is defined as â€Å"the collective value of the capabilities, knowledge, skills, life experiences and motivation of an organizational workforce† (Mathis Jackson, 2011). Every individual person has different characteristics and traits that can be brought to the organization. It does not matter if they have been with the company for 20 years or just graduating from college and beginning their careers. The key is to find the strengths and weaknesses of each person and capitalize on them. ThisRead MoreHR and the Competiton for Talent Essay1574 Words   |  7 Pagesalso scarce. War for talent, a term coined by Steven Hankin of McKinsey Company, refers to the competitive landscape of talent management of skilled and valuable employees. Talent management is defined as â€Å"the implementation of integrated strategies or systems designed to increase workplace productivity by developing improved processes for attracting, developing, retaining and utilizing people with the required skills and aptitude to meet current and future business needs† (Lockwood, 2006). This paperRead MoreAssignment 4: Southern Company Case Study Essay1647 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment 4: Southern Company Case Study XXX XXXXX Professor XXXX XXXXX HRM 532 – Talent Management May 27, 2012 Abstract Southern Company is an electric utility company headquartered in Atlanta, GA. The company owns electric utilities in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and Mississippi and services roughly 4.4 million customers. Southern Company also provides fiber optics and wireless communications. Southern Company brands are known for excellent customer service, high reliabilityRead MoreLeading and Managing People3567 Words   |  15 Pages1.0 Introduction It is the intention of this paper to critically analyse the effects of Human Resource Management (HRM) intervention policies in the areas of recruitment, retention and career development of an organisation’s human resources. The nature and intention of the psychological contract which is of prime importance in the recruitment, retention and career development will be discussed. It will also be demonstrated that continued intervention and interaction of HRM will contribute to theRead MoreEssay Assignments # 5 Sustainable Talent Management5457 Words   |  22 PagesAssignments # 5 Sustainable Talent Management Utilizing Talent Management Strategy in Mind from Assignment 3 write a paper responding to five statements. Julian Phillips March 18, 2012 Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS)-HRM 532 Dr. Zelphia A. Brown, SPHR, Instructor Sustainable Talent Management Utilizing Talent Management Strategy in Mind from Assignment 3 write a paper responding to five statements. 1. Determine which performance management process you will employee to measureRead MoreEffective Managerial And Executive Selection3330 Words   |  14 PagesEffective Managerial and Executive Selection The Pending Need Four key words sum up the topic of effective managerial selection: Need, Scarcity, Strategy and Potential. In today’s business environment, the need for effective managerial and executive talent is strong and the stakes are high. According to Strategic Finance, approximately 40% of the workforce in the United States is poised to retire within 20 years (Chavez). The problem most firms are facing is the pool for this top level talent isRead MoreMulti Projects Inc Case Study5811 Words   |  24 PagesPROJECT AND PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT MODULE M 1 GROUP ASSIGNMENT CASE: Multi Project Inc. (Multi projects strategic objective realisation through organisational structure, culture, and succession planning.) DATE: 07/06/2013 Please include the following declaration: â€Å"I/We hereby declare that this assignment is entirely our own work, and that it has not previously been submitted to any other Higher Education Institution. I/We also declare that all published and unpublished sources have been fully acknowledgedRead MoreTalent Management Issues and Challenges15913 Words   |  64 Pages In a wired world of easy, me-too replications, solid employeevalue proposition reinforced by ‘The Human Factor’ can provide the winning difference. By Rajlakshmi Saikia Are you aware of the decisive impact of talent on your organisation’s success? Have you devised a game plan to retain your competitive advantage? Did you know that despite fluctuating unemployment rates, the competition to source, hire and retain top notch candidates has remained consistent and fierce across most industries? FinallyRead MoreTalent Management13854 Words   |  56 Pages | |4 |Chapter 4: Introduction of Talent Management |26-30 | | | | | | |4.1 Introduction of Talent Management | | | |4.2 Talent Management v/s Traditional HR Approach |

Essay on Social Stratification in the African American...

Social Stratification in the African American community has changed over the years. Social stratification is defined as a rigid subdivision of a society into a hierarchy of layers, differentiated on the basis of power, prestige, and wealth according to Webster’s dictionary. David Newman in Sociology Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life describes stratification as a ranking system for groups of people that perpetuates unequal rewards and life chances in society. From slavery to the present, the African American community has been seen to have lower status compared to white people. Today, the stratification or hierarchy difference between whites and black are not really noticeable, but it is still present. However, during†¦show more content†¦Many studies show that light skinned blacks were favored by the dominant white society allowing lighted skinned blacks to have a better opportunity for lighted skinned blacks in the business world. So the advantages by lighted skinned blacks have accumulated over time so the light complexion African Americans are seen as the most successful. Looking back in time, slaves were differentiated into mulattoes and pure blacks. Pure blacks did most of the outside labor leaving the house labor to mulattoes. For mulattoes, being a house servant brought advantages including food, shelter, and clothing. Mulattoes were trained for skilled occupations and these skills allowed mulattoes to separate themselves from other blacks. The light skinned blacks were exposed to cultural views and practices such as proper speech, dress, and mannerisms. Once a mulatto was emancipated, he/she was better prepared for negotiating with whites because mulattoes knew how to handle them. Mulattoes had a sense of being superior over the darker slaves. Because of the color similarities between mulattoes and whites, the mulattoes were the middle class between blacks and whites. As time progressed, the mulattoes’ stra tification was not superior over the blacks after World War I according to Frazier. The elite status was now based on professional standing, education, and economic standing. The shift in stratification was caused by blacks being able to haveShow MoreRelatedRacism And Racism Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesHow does stratification system take place in African American communities? Many minority Communities are subjected to racism and discrimination within/ outside their communities. The social prejudices on the black community gives an example of a caste system where you re born into unequal groups based on their parents (race), most likely born into poverty if a minority. â€Å"Minority racial groups are more likely to experience multidimensional property than their white counterparts†, due to historicalRead MoreSocial Stratification1349 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Social Stratification: Impacting Positions in Society Social stratification is vertical hierarchical arrangement which differentiate people as superior or inferior. Societies are stratified in three ways which are,1) Social Class; 2) Racial and Ethnic stratification; and 3) Gender. 1) Social Class: According to Karl Marx, Class society is based around a primary line of division between two antagonistic classes, those who owns the means of production and those who do not own. Comer addedRead MoreStratification Impact On Society877 Words   |  4 Pages The meaning of stratification is inequalities between people, community or society. It can happen socially or economically based on social status, class, ethnicity, income, wealth, race, religion, gender and power. Stratification is an unfair situation and we can find it almost in every society. In this case, resources in a society distributed unequally. For instance, in some society men and women treated differently. In Asia, some community believes that women cannot eat before man orRead MoreThe Structural Theory Of Poverty1031 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s world, the United States is the leading economic powerhouse. However, poverty is still a prevalent and pervasive social problem (Arneso n, 2007). This paper will discuss the sociological concepts and theories surrounding this pertinent issue. In addition, it will point out the value of sociological research into this social ill. Lastly, it will present evidence to support the hypothesis that poverty is a structural failure. In contrast to the school of thought supported by a number ofRead MoreThe Novel Southland By Frank Sakai And Curtis Martin1545 Words   |  7 Pagesmain characters whose life is prompted by the racism in the Los Angeles neighborhoods. Stylistically, Revoyr’s deliberate prose permits readers an uncomfortable gratitude of the slow marks racism burns on the appearance of a community. Both the Japanese and African-American characters in book Southland wear the marks of prejudice, from removal to internment camps to LA rebellion racial profiling (Revoyr, 2003, pg. 68). Her prejudiced white cop character Nick Lawson does not brave out and speak hisRead MoreSocial Problems Perpetuated Essays1147 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout United States history, power of the upper class has been maintained by assigning â€Å"different† people a lower, less desirable, place in society, predisposing them to social inequalities. Social stratification creates a system of social classes in which people born into a specific class have different â€Å"life chances† (Macionis 28). These classes are somewhat maintained by the fact that people tend to â€Å"take care of their own,† meaning that members of the uppe r class generally favor other membersRead MoreGroup Dynamics and Individual Behaviors: The Asch Conformity Experiment820 Words   |  3 Pagestests are frequently construed as proof for the energy of conformity and normative social impact. Thats, the readiness to adapt openly to achieve social reward and steer clear of social punishment. Others have contended that its rational to make use of other individuals choice as evidence. Like the second perspective, the Asch conformity tests are reported as evidence for that self-categorization theory of social influence. From that perspective the Asch answers are construed as results of depersonalizationRead Moreâ€Å"A Proud-Acting Bunch†: The Issues of Suburbanization and Class Stratification in â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† 1462 Words   |  6 Pagesthose seeking refuge and comfort after a tumultuous time of war. Among those migrating from the cities to the suburbs were middle-class African Americans, who sought a suburban life that both â€Å"express[ed] and reinforce[d] their newly won social position.† (Wiese 101) However, this middle-class migration from urban areas left behind working class African Americans such as the Younger family of Lorraine Hansberry’s 1959 play â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun.† While the Younger family of â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† finallyRead MoreRace And Ethnicity Are Affected By Stratification938 Words   |  4 PagesBefore one might explain how race and ethnicity are affected by stratification. You first have to understand race and ethnicity in its self. Many people including me before I took this class thought they were the same thing. Racial groups are a group that is socially set apart because of obvious physical differences. An example of this is I come from Somalia but in the United States my race would be defined as black or African American. Ethnicity or ethnic groups are groups set apart from others becauseRead MoreThe Riots And Its Effe ct On Public Buildings935 Words   |  4 Pagessimilar event it to happen in a city near them (Dann, 2015). Theory Even though the death of Freddie Gray, who was an African-American, was the spark that ignited the Baltimore riots, the apparent view is it was not a race stratification based riot. By many accounts, the riots were caused by the economic class stratification of Baltimore. Even though Gray was African-American, his geographic location of residence played a more important role. Those from the less affluent areas of Baltimore have

Critique of Stanley Milgram’s “Behavioral Study of Obedience”

A Critique of Stanley Milgram’s â€Å"Behavioral Study of Obedience† Stanley MIlgram is a Yale University social psychologist who wrote â€Å"Behavioral Study of Obedience†, an article which granted him many awards and is now considered a landmark. In this piece, he evaluates the extent to which a participant is willing to conform to an authority figure who commands him to execute acts that conflict with his moral beliefs. Milgram discovers that the majority of participants do obey to authority. In this research, the subjects are misled because they are part of a learning experience that is not about what they are told. This experiment was appropriate despite this. Throughout the process, subjects are exposed to various signs that show them†¦show more content†¦Before Milgram’s findings, the fact that people were inclined to obey to authority figures was already realized. He just confirmed this belief. Milgram followed effective steps by using precise procedures. He made sure that the experiment reflected features of an ac tual situation in which a person would obey to an authority figure: offering compensation (monetary reward in this experiment), being under pressure (Prods 1 to 4 in this case), and mentioning that the person who obeys can withdraw. These features can also be seen in a situation where a soldier is commanded to fire, for instance. A soldier will get a monetary compensation, is under pressure to obey because he chose to be part of the military, and he knows that he can resign at any time. Milgram created an experiment so precise and detailed that more than enough evidence was demonstrated. In this experiment, subjects are explained that this is â€Å"a ‘learning experiment’ to ... study the effects of punishment on memory† (4). Yet, the real intention here is to measure the participants’ compliance towards the experimenter. This controversy is unethical as subjects are volunteering for a cause that does not exist. They are misled since they are not exposed t o the real purpose of this study. Nevertheless, this experiment was appropriate. Throughout the process, participants are exposed to various indications about the intensity of the experiment. If the question aboutShow MoreRelatedInvestigating The Nature Of Obedience1678 Words   |  7 Pages Investigating the Nature of Obedience Stanley Milgram managed to conduct the experiment that revealed the distinct features of the members of our society. He questioned how millions of ordinary people in Germany could obey the immoral commands of the Nazi government and provided the study exploring the mechanisms of human obedience to authorities. Though Milgram’s experiment has provoked a huge amount of criticism, the analysis of internal and external validityRead MoreThe Theory Of Psychology And Psychology859 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout long history of psychology, there are many brilliant and remarkable psychologists who grew psychology longing as 21st century, today. They have contributed many theories, ideas, and experiments that made study of human mind and behavior much more noble and interesting. As psychology grow older and older, there are many different types of branches that were created, such as psychoanalysis, behavior, cognitive, evolutionary, and developmental. Each branches have changed way so ciety worksRead MoreSocial Identity Theory And Fees Must Fall Protests Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowing the â€Å"trend† of the group. If majority of the group wants to do something, but one individual does not, the individual will go along with the group in order to protect identity as a member of the group. The #feesmustfall protests highlight this obedience exceptionally well. When students started protesting for free Tertiary education, students from all over the country engaged in action. This unifying movement allowed for students to join together creating an in-group (the students) and an out-groupRead MoreDiana Baumrind2963 Words   |  12 Pages1960 Baumrind was a clinical and developmental psychologist at the Institute of Human Development at the University of California, Berkeley. She is well known for her research on parenting styles and for her critique of deception in psychological research. Baumrind is a recipient of the G. Stanley Hall Award and an N IMH Research Scientist Award. Baumrind work on research design, socialization, moral development, and professional ethics is unified by her belied that individual’s rights and responsibilitiesRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization

Conceptual Accounting Theories and Frameworks

Question: Discuss about the Conceptual Accounting Theories and Frameworks. Answer: Introduction Accounting theories are the collection of assumptions is methodologies that are used to study and application of various financial reporting principles. Accounting theories have a lot of importance in the process of analyze and evaluate various financial documents of an organization. Hence, the study of accounting theories is a crucial aspect. There are various aspects of the financial reports or annual reports of organizations like the application of accounting methods, remuneration report, auditors report, dividend report and many others. Without the knowledge of accounting, it is not possible to analyze the above-mentioned aspects. The purpose of the report is to analyze the various financial aspects of BHP Billiton. The BHP Billiton is one of the top producers of major commodities that includes copper, uranium, iron ore etc. The company also has substantial interest in coal, oil and gas energy. The main aim of the company is to make social and economic contribution through operat ion[1]. The various stages of the report shows the analysis of different financial aspect of the company like remuneration report, auditors report, executive remuneration and many others. Auditors report Analysis The individual auditors report is an important aspect to analyze the financial position of any company. There is no exception of this rule in case of BHP Billiton. The auditing partner of BHP Billiton for the year 2016 was KPMG. The KPMG has tested and examined various accounts of BHP Billiton. The accounts includes consolidated statement of financial position, consolidated statement of profit and loss, consolidated statement of other incomes, consolidated statement of cash flows, consolidated statement of change of equity and many others. The KPMG has also provided non-audit services the details are provided in the Note 35 of the annual report Auditors Remuneration of the company. The analysis of the annual report provides that all the non-audit services have prior approvals. The audited financial statement generally indicates that it has been prepared in accordance with the existing conceptual framework and the relevant accounting standards[2]. Meaning and scope of Conceptual framework The conceptual framework may be defined as established concepts that underline the financial reporting. The conceptual framework is consistent with the objective of the financial statement. The objective of financial reporting is to provide the user with financial information so that the user of the financial statement can make important financial decisions. The conceptual framework of IASB is incorporated in the Framework for preparation and presentation of financial statement issued by the AASB[3]. The purpose of the conceptual framework is: To assist in the development of accounting standards, To assist in harmonization of regulations, To prepare the financial statement, To provide assistance to the auditor, The Para 5 states the scope of the Framework. The Framework is developed to deals with: Objective of the financial statement; Qualitative characteristic of the statement; Measurement, definition and recognition of different elements of financial statement; Capital maintenance and the concept of capital; Therefore, in this report the framework is classified into three categories for discussing and critically analyzing the effectiveness with which the corporations have adopted this framework[4]. Basic Objective The foundation of the Framework is based on the objectives of the financial reporting. The objective of the General Purpose Financial Statement is to provide financial information so that the user can make informed decision[5]. The users of the financial statement include shareholders, lenders and creditors. The financial statement caters to the informational need of external users that cannot demand information from the company. Therefore, the financial report provided by the company becomes extremely. On analyzing the annual report of BHP Billiton, it can be seen that the report includes Income statement, balance sheet, cash flow and notes to account. Therefore, it can be said that the information provided in the annual report by the BHP Billiton satisfies the basic objective and purpose of conceptual framework[6]. Fundamental Concepts The next classification that is made of the conceptual framework is the fundamental concepts that are related to accounts. The fundamental concept is a bridge between the basic objective and the accounting treatment like recognition, measurement and preparation of financial statement. The fundamental concepts relate to the qualitative characteristic of the financial information[7]. In QC4, it is stated that in order to be useful the financial information should be faithful and relevant. The usefulness of the information provided by the financial statement increases if it is comparable, timely, understandable and verifiable. The relevance and faithfulness are the fundamental qualitative characteristic of the financial statement. The Audit report submitted by KPMG to SEC states that in their opinion it appears that the BHP Billiton has provided financial information in a faithful manner and the information provided are relevant to the users of the financial statement[8]. Therefore, it can be said that annual report provided by the company is in accordance with the fundamental qualitative characteristic of the conceptual framework. The characteristic like verifiability, comparability, timeliness and understandability increases the quality of the financial information. The verifiability of financial information is achieved if the independent methods obtain the same results. In this case, the auditors have independently verified the financial information and they have obtained the same result. Therefore, it can be said that the financial statement has satisfied the characteristics of verifiability. The comparability of financial statement is assured by the application of the accounting standards. In the notes to financial statement, section of the financial report it is stated that the accounting policies are applied consistently thereby ensuring comparability. The financial information is provided in a timely manner on 30 June every year. The understandability of the financial information is increased through detailed presentation of financial information in the notes to accounts[9]. Based on the analysis it can be said that the financial information are presented following the qualitative characteristics of conceptual framework. Basic elements of Financial report The conceptual framework issued by Australian Accounting Standard Board Framework for preparation and presentation of financial statement states in Para 49 that the elements that should be included financial positions are assets, liabilities and equities. On analyzing the Annual report of the BPH Billiton it can be seen that the elements that required by the framework has been followed. The conceptual framework states that assets are the resources that are controlled by the entity[10]. It is expected that the future economic benefit from this resources will flow to the entity. On analyzing, the balance sheet of the company it can be said that the items that are included in assets confirms with the definition of asset provided in conceptual framework. The conceptual framework defines liability as present obligation that arise from a past event and it result in outflow of economic resources. The items in the liability side of the balance sheet of the company fulfill the definition prov ided in the conceptual framework. The conceptual framework defines equity as residual interest in the assets after all the liabilities have been deducted. The equity recorded in balance sheet complies with the definition of conceptual framework. Income Statement Analysis The conceptual framework provides that profit is computed for analyzing the performance of the company. The profit is measured by deducting related expenses from income. Therefore, the company has prepared income statement for calculating the profits. The items that have been included in the revenue are in accordance with the conceptual framework. The conceptual framework states that an item that increases the economic benefit of the company should be included in the revenue[11]. The expenses are those items that decrease the economic resources of the company. The items that are included in the income statement as expenses satisfy the definition provided in the conceptual framework. The income statement of the company is given below: The third classification of the conceptual framework deals with the measurement, recognition and disclosure of the financial information[12]. This are discussed in details below. Recognition Recognition is a process of incorporating the financial items in the income statement and balance sheet as provided in Para 82 of the standard. The financial information are recognized in the financial statement based on five basic assumptions this are economic activity, going concern, monetary units, periodicity and accrual basis. This assumption requires that the entities that are engaged in economic activity are required to recognize those activity in the financial statement. The company is engaged in economic activity therefore the company has satisfied the basic assumption of economic activity. The gong concern assumptions states that the financial information should be recognized in a manner that it is assumed to continue. The financial informations should be measured in terms of monetary units in a periodic manner and by following the accrual basis of accounting. On analyzing, the financial statement of BHP Billiton it can be said that financial information has been recognized following the basic assumptions stated above. Measurement The measurement of financial items is discussed in Para 99 of the standard. The measurement is a process of determining the monetary amount at which the items of financial information are recorded in the financial statement. The measurements of items are done based on various bases that include historical cost, current cost, realizable value and present value. The basis of measurement of few items in the financial statement is discussed below. The inventories are measured at cost or net realizable valued whichever is lower. The debtors included are all current debtor. The company does not have any non-current debtors. The company in its financial report has followed the entire disclosure requirement. The company has followed the disclosure requirement mentioned in accounting standard. Managerial Remuneration and its relation The BHP Billiton has two types of remuneration policy one is for executive directors and other is for non-executive directors. The remuneration provided includes basic salary, pension and benefits. The salary is extending by 8% per annum and the pension is 25% of the salary. The general benefits that are given cannot be more than 10% of the base salary. In addition, other incentives are provided that includes target performance and threshold performance. The target performance can be 160% of the base salary and the threshold limit can be 80% of the base salary. Therefore it can be said that maximum award that manger can get is 240% of base salary. This high remuneration based on target will encourage short-term focus of the management and that is not beneficial to the company. The conceptual framework fails to deal in this matter in any substantial form. Conclusion Based on the above analysis it can be concluded that the conceptual framework play a vital role in the preparation and presentation of financial statement. However, it has failed to deal with the remuneration of the management that have far reaching effect in the financial statement of the company. Reference Casanueva, Cristobal, Angeles Gallego, and Maria Angeles Revilla. 'Access and Mobilization of Network Resources and Competitive Advantage in Hotels: A Conceptual Framework',International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,vol. 27/no. 6, (2015), pp. 1279-1300. Cherry, Michael. 'Accounting for Trust: A Conceptual Model for the Determinants of Trust in the Australian Public Accountant SME Client Relationship',Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal,vol. 10/no. 2, (2016), pp. 3-22. Craig, Russell, Wally Smieliauskas, and Joel Amernic. 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Loftus, Janice, Ken Leo, Noel Boys, et al., 'Financial Reporting', Anonymous Translator(First edn, Milton, Qld, John Wiley and Sons Australia Ltd, 2015). Rao, Maheshwar, Robert Tanton, and Yogi Vidyattama. 'Modelling the Economic, Social and Ecological Links in the Murray-Darling Basin: A Conceptual Framework',Australasian Journal of Regional Studies, the,vol. 21/no. 1, (2015), pp. 80-102. Ryan, Christine, Janet Mack, Stuart Tooley, et al. 'Do Not-for-Profits Need their Own Conceptual Framework?: A NFP CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK?',Financial Accountability Management,vol. 30/no. 4, (2014), pp. 383-402. Tan, Seck. 'Framework for Valuing the Utilization of the Environment',International Journal of Social Economics,vol. 43/no. 6, (2016), pp. 619-642. Tello, Edward, James Hazelton, and Lorne Cummings. 'Potential Users Perceptions of General Purpose Water Accounting Reports',Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,vol. 29/no. 1, (2016), pp. 80-110. Thornton, Daniel B. 'Different Conceptual Accounting Frameworks for Public and Private Enterprises: Commentary on Canada's IFRS Transition and Suggestions for International Empirical Work',Accounting Perspectives,vol. 14/no. 3, (2015), pp. 168-189 Ulziit, Bayarbuyan, Zeeshan Akhtar Warraich, Cigdem Gencel, et al. 'A Conceptual Framework of Challenges and Solutions for Managing Global Software Maintenance',Journal of Software: Evolution and Process,vol. 27/no. 10, (2015), pp. 763-792. Wiedmann, Thomas O., Guangwu Chen, and John Barrett. 'The Concept of City Carbon Maps: A Case Study of Melbourne, Australia',Journal of Industrial Ecology,vol. 20/no. 4, (2016), pp. 676-691.