Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Interview - Essay Example The room itself had an unmistakable aura of grandeur about it. It was old but that wasn’t the only attribute, something struck me when I realized that these walls had been privy to the conversations of some of the greatest minds the world has ever seen.   ‘Oh crap’ I thought, ‘I actually have to answer this question’. While responding, I realized that even though this was an interview to study economics, the professors were interested to see how well I could synthesize different information from a variety of subjects. In this particular case it was perhaps political science and later in the interview, there was a great deal of mathematics involved. Furthermore, this interview was not the usual question and answer session that I had been used to in school; it was an open ended discussion with the experts. I disagreed with some of their opinions on several economic issues and gave some of my own. The dialogue that the interview entailed was nothing like I had previously encountered and therefore provided me with a distinct intellectual challenge.   In comparison with other experiences which have aided my intellectual development, this interview certainly holds the highest rank. My experiences at Model United Nations conferences were full of dialogue and debate regarding critical issues; the topics of discussion were provided beforehand whereas this interview truly tested my thinking skills and ability to adapt to a completely new situation. Alternatively, the training that the school’s Math team and I are currently partaking for the International Schools Mathematics Teacher’s Foundation (Hague, February 2012), has also been a challenge due to the intensity of our work and the fact that we are forced to synthesize information and topics we have previously seen in regular Math classes. However the interview holds more weight as it involved the synthesis of more than one

Dysfunctional Families in Today’s World Essay Example for Free

Dysfunctional Families in Today’s World Essay Children are supposed to grow up together with their parents. A family environment helps them not to feel depress(ed). They learn that their feelings and needs are important and can be expressed. Children growing up in such supportive environments are likely to form healthy, open relationships in adulthood. Family dysfunction can be any condition that interferes with healthy family functioning. In most families, there occurs some periods of time where functioning is impaired by stressful circumstances. These stressful events could be a death in the family or a parents serious illness, among others. But for healthy families, the moment the crisis is over, then normal functioning resumes. In dysfunctional families, however, problems tend to be chronic. The children then do not consistently get their needs. As a result, the negative patterns of parental behavior tend to be dominant in their childrens lives. Healthy families are not families who never argue or have disagreements. These families may have yelling, bickering, misunderstanding, tension, hurt, and anger but not all the time. In healthy families, emotional expression is allowed and accepted. Member of the family can freely ask for and give attention. Rules tend to be made explicit and remain consistent, but with some flexibility to adapt to individual needs and particular situations. Healthy families allow for individuality; each member is encouraged to pursue his or her own interests, and boundaries between individuals are honored. Children from healthy families are consistently treated with respect, and do not fear emotional, verbal, physical, or sexual abuse. Parents can be counted on to provide care for their children. Children are given responsibilities appropriate to their age and are not expected to take on parental responsibilities. Finally, in healthy families, everyone makes mistakes; and most importantly, mistakes are allowed. II. The rise of dysfunctional families and its impact in society There are many types of dysfunction in families. Some parents choose to under-function. They leave their children to fend for themselves. On the other hand there are some parents who over-function. These parents seem to never allow their children to grow up and be on their own. Others are inconsistent or violate basic boundaries of appropriate behavior. Below is a brief description of some types of parental dysfunction along with some common problems associated with each. Deficient Parents Deficient parents hurt their children more by omission than by commission. Frequently, it is because of a chronic mental illness or a disabling physical illness that contributes to parental inadequacy. Parental emotional needs tend to take precedence over the needs of the children. The children, on the other hand, are often asked to be their parents caretakers. Thus, children tend to take on the adult responsibilities at a young age in these families. They are robbed of their own childhood, and they learn to ignore their own needs and feelings. Because of this experience, where these children are simply unable to play an adult role and take care of their parents, they thenoften feel inadequate and guilty. These feelings continue into adulthood. Controlling Parents Unlike the deficient parents described above, controlling parents fail to allow their children to assume responsibilities appropriate for their age. Often, the controlling parents are driven by the fear of becoming unnecessary to their children. These parents then continue dominating and making decisions for their children, even if they are already well beyond the age at which this is necessary. This fear leaves them feeling betrayed and abandoned when their children become independent (Forward, 1989). On the other hand, these children of controlling parents frequently feel resentful, inadequate, and powerless. Transitions into adult roles are quite difficult, as these adults frequently have difficulties making decisions independent from their parents. When they act independently these adults feel very guilty, as if growing up were a serious act of disloyalty. Alcoholic Parents Alcoholic families tend to be chaotic and unpredictable. Rules that apply one day do not apply to another one or to the next instance that you happen to be part of. Promises are neither kept nor remembered. Expectations vary from one day to the next. Parents may be strict at times and indifferent at others. In addition, emotional expression is frequently forbidden and discussion about the alcohol use or related family problems is usually nonexistent. Family members are usually expected to keep problems a secret, thus preventing anyone from seeking help. All of these factors leave children feeling insecure, frustrated, and angry. Children often feel there must be something wrong with them and this is the reason that makes their parents behave this way. Mistrust of others, difficulty with emotional expression, and difficulties with intimate relationships carry over into adulthood. Children of alcoholics are at much higher risk for developing alcoholism than are children of non-alcoholics. Abusive Parents Abuse can be verbal, physical, or sexual. Verbal abuse such as frequent belittling criticism can have lasting effects, particularly when it comes from those entrusted with the childs care. Criticism can be aimed at the childs looks, intelligence, capabilities, or basic value. Some verbal abusers are very direct, while others use subtle put-downs disguised as humor. Both types are just as damaging. Definitions of physical abuse vary widely. Many parents, at one time or another, have felt the urge to strike their child. With physically abusive parents, however, the urge is frequent and little effort is made to control this impulse. Striking a child has much to do with meeting the parents emotional needs and nothing to do with concern for the child. Often, parents erroneously justify the abuse as a process of discipline that is intended to help the child. Physically abusive parents then create an environment of terror for the child. This is particularly worse since the violence is often random and unpredictable. Abused children often feel anger. Children of abusive parents have tremendous difficulties developing feelings of trust and safety even in their adult lives. While parents may justify or rationalize verbal or physical abuse as discipline aimed at somehow helping the child, there is no rationalization for sexual abuse. Sexual abuse is the most blatant example of an adult abusing a child purely for that adults own gratification. Sexual abuse can be any physical contact between an adult and child wherein that contact must be kept secret. The demonstrations of affection that occurred then such as hugging, kissing, or stroking a childs hair that can be done openly are quite acceptable and even beneficial. When physical contact is shrouded in secrecy then it is most likely inappropriate. Sexual abuse happens to both boys and girls. This act is perpetrated by both men and women. It cuts across lines of race, socioeconomic level, education level, and religious affiliation. In most cases, sexual abuse is part of an overall family pattern of dysfunction, disorganization, and inappropriate role boundaries. Responsibility for the sexual abuse in all cases rests entirely with the adult. No child is responsible for being abused. Most sexually abused children are too frightened and scared of the consequences for themselves and their families. In most cases, they do not risk telling another adult what is happening. As a result of this bottling-up, they grow into adulthood carrying feelings of self-loathing, shame, and worthlessness. They tend to be self-punishing and have considerable difficulties with relationships and with sexuality. When problems and circumstances such as parental alcoholism, mental illness, child abuse, or extreme parental rigidity and control interfere with family functioning, the effects on children can sometimes linger long after these children have grown up and left their problem families. Adults raised in dysfunctional families frequently report difficulties forming and maintaining intimate relationships, maintaining positive self-esteem, and trusting others; they fear a loss of control, and deny their feelings and reality (Vannicelli, 1989). There is a great deal of variability in how often dysfunctional interactions and behaviors occur in families, and in the kinds and the severity of their dysfunction. However, when patterns like the above are the norm rather than the exception, they systematically foster abuse and/or neglect. Abuse and neglect inhibit the development of childrens trust in the world, in others, and in themselves. Later as adults, these people may find it difficult to trust the behaviors and words of others, their own judgement and actions, or their own senses of selfworth. Not surprisingly, they may experience problems in their academic work, their relationships, and in their very identities. In common with other people, abused and neglected family members often struggle to interpret their families as normal. The more they have to accommodate to make the situation seem normal, the greater is their likelihood of misinterpreting themselves and developing negative self-concepts (e. g. , I had it coming; Im a rotten kid). III. The relationship between religion and dysfunctional families Dysfunctional family members have common symptoms and behavior patterns as a result of their common experiences within the family structure. This tends to reinforce the dysfunctional behavior, either through enabling or perpetuation. The dysfunctional family usually suffers from a variety of issues that may require the help of trained professionals. This is in addition to prayer and other spiritual disciplines. Some of those issues include: (1) Individual personality differences and personal issues; (2) Unresolved issues from the past; (3) Marital and family problems due to domestic violence and abuse, infidelity, and poor communication; (5) Financial problems and poverty; (6) Separation/divorce resulting in grief and loss and abandonment issues, depression, and sometimes a lack of financial support; (7) Mental and physical health problems; and (8) Spiritual disconnection. Any of the aforementioned problems can create high levels of distress, and failure to seek help can be lethal. Furthermore, when a major trauma strikes, families are rarely prepared to deal with it, and if they are unaccustomed to seeking outside help, family members may never recover emotionally. Many people stay away from connecting with God in a Christian community because they feel they are not good enough. Maybe they are overly critical of themselves, or maybe they know they have not lived the way God would want them to live. They may be afraid that Christians in church will judge them and reject them, and so they stay away. They say, God couldn’t really love someone like me. God must be angry with me. They could also be very adept at meeting the perceived expectations of others through self-denial. Denial, repression, splitting, and a false sense of self are often well-developed defense mechanisms. The black and white thinking expressed in such conflicting pairs of opposites as God vs. devil, church vs. world, sin vs. righteousness, leads to repression of anything that might possibly be construed as unacceptable. Constant self-monitoring and rigid self control, along with confession of every sin in prayer, are often considered the only means of avoiding divine condemnation. In the literalism characteristic of fundamentalism, an evil thought or feeling is regarded as just as sinful as an evil act. Impulses and feelings may be considered demonic in origin. In truth, religion can play a part in furthering the dysfunction of families. For one who has a dysfunctional family, its teachings of obedience, respect for authority and quiet compliance further enforce the debilitating situation. But when you dig deeper into what religion is, you will see clearly what God wants. Religious Institutions throughout history have used fear, control and manipulation to build kingdoms made by man. They have left many wounded or dead in the battlefield of Satans kingdom. Religion is a powerful tool of the enemy. An extreme example of this is The Taliban and Bin Laden. Religion teaches obedience to law. And Christ teaches grace. But the scripture has confined all under sin, that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe. But before faith came, we were kept under guard by the law, kept for the faith which would afterward be revealed. Galatians 3:22-23. Learning to trust wholeheartedly in God, and depend on Him to break free from whatever bondage, will bring emancipation from these bondages, and make an impact in our broken society. The church should be the one institution where the spirit of fear does not exist and coercion and manipulation are not practiced. IV. Healing dysfunctional families Two centuries ago there was relatively little dispute over the existence of God, or the societally beneficial effect of popular belief in a creator. In the twentieth century extensive secularization occurred in western nations, the United States being the only significant exception (Bishop; Bruce; Gill et al. ; Sommerville). Theists often assert that popular belief in a creator is instrumental towards providing the moral, ethical and other foundations necessary for a healthy, cohesive society. Many also contend that widespread acceptance of evolution, and/or denial of a creator, is contrary to these goals. As he helped initiate the American experiment Benjamin Franklin stated; â€Å"religion will be a powerful regulator of our actions, give us peace and tranquility within our minds, and render us benevolent, useful and beneficial to others† (Isaacson: 87-88). Changes in family life have transformed our society in the last thirty years. One of the biggest has been the virtual disappearance of the male-breadwinner lifestyle and the emerging dominance of the dual-earner couple. Working wives and mothers face questions about the effects of their choices on their childrens welfare and their own health under the strain of the second shift, while their husbands confrontand respond to in a variety of waysnew opportunities to construct a masculine identity not focused exclusively on breadwinning. Leaders in education, business, and government debate what policies should be in place to help people manage their work and family lives and who should bear the cost of work-family management. Changing patterns of family formation and disruption have also created widespread concern and vociferous policy debates. High divorce rates raise questions about the effects of divorce on childrens well-being and future success and how to make blended families work. The problems facing single-parent families have become a focus of policy makers, religious leaders, and the national media. Debates about homosexual unions have led to battles over gay and lesbian marriage in a number of states and many local controversies over what legal rights should be extended to homosexual partners. Delayed marriage and childbearing mean that more American households comprise single adults and childless couples, and remaining childless throughout life has become much more common, fueling concern among some about the decline of the family. All of these changes have led to an increasing pluralism in family life and a new consensus that there are many kinds of loving, caring families. Most people spend some portion of their adult lives outside of a nuclear family, forming and reforming family-like connections periodically over the course of their lives, causing many to rethink long-held assumptions about the necessity of marriage and parenting for adults happiness, security, and well-being. But this pluralism is intensely contested and debated for both moral and social philosophical reasons. Not everyone agrees about what constitutes the good family and what kinds of families are morally legitimate. Many people see the family as the bellwether of our society and find the rapid and numerous changes in family life over the last few decades to be troubling. Some even argue that a devaluing of family life, and especially of lifelong, heterosexual marriage, inevitably leads to a decline of the nation. These debates also focus on questions of resources and inequality. Who has access to the rights that marriage confers? Why does divorce lead to a reduction in women and childrens standard of living, and what can be done to change that? Making Changes Changes in family life have been a central concern for religious leaders, activists, and local communities of faith. Throughout American history, religion and family have been intertwined and interdependent institutions. Congregations, parishes, and synagogues have provided an important context for families to spend time together and have shaped the religious education and moral development of children and youths. Sociologists have long noted that marriage and parenthood make religion more important to people and increase their participation in local congregations. Sometimes, children who come from dysfunctional families continue in their roles because they are waiting for their parents to give their permission; to change. Like most people, parents in dysfunctional families often feel threatened by changes in their children. As a result, they may thwart efforts to change and insist that the children change back. Some specific changes one can do are: (1) Identify painful or difficult experiences that happened during your childhood; (2) Make a list of your behaviors, beliefs, etc. that you would like to change; (3) Next to each item on the list, write down the behavior, belief, etc. that you would like to do/have instead; (4) Pick one item on your list and begin practicing the alternate behavior or belief. Choose the easiest item first; (5) Once you are able to do the alternate behavior more often than the original, pick another item on the list and practice changing it, too; (6) Believe in God’s grace that he will heal all the painful experiences in your list (in no. 1) and pray His love will help you change all the behaviors listed and free you from bondage. References: Bishop, George. (1999). â€Å"What Americans Really Believe, and Why Faith Isnt as Universal as They Think. † Free Inquiry 19(3): 38-42 Bruce, Steve. (2001). â€Å"Christianity in Britain, R. I. P. † Sociology of Religion 61: 191-203. Forward, S. (1989). Toxic parents: Overcoming their hurtful legacy and reclaiming your life. New York: Bantam Books. Gill, R, C. Hadaway and P. Marler 1998 â€Å"Is Religious Belief Declining in Britain? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 37: 507-16 Isaacson, Walter. (2003) Benjamin Franklin: An American Life. New York, Simon Schuster. Meeting the Needs of Dysfunctional Families Catechist, January, (1993) Sommerville, C. (2002) â€Å"Stark’s Age of Faith Argument and the Secularization of Things: A. Commentary. † Sociology of Religion 63: 361-72 Vannicelli, M. (1989). Group psychotherapy with adult children of alcoholics: treatment techniques and countertransference. New York: Guilford Press.

Euthanasia Essay - Religious Views on Assisted Suicide -- Euthanasia P

Official Religious Views on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay is dedicated to the expression of the various official views of religious bodies within our nation. Most major denominations are represented. These religions have long been the custodians of the truth, serving to check the erratic and unpredictable tendencies of political, judicial and social bodies which would have Americans killing off their elderly and handicapped.    The National Association of Evangelicals believe that human beings are made in the image of God and are, therefore, of inestimable worth. God has given people the highest dignity of all creation. Such human dignity prohibits euthanasia, that is actively causing a person's death.    Is it moral to withdraw a life-support system which is believed to be an inappropriate extension of the dying process? The National Association of Evangelicals (NAE) believes that in cases where patients are terminally ill, death appears imminent and treatment offers no medical hope for a cure, it is morally appropriate to request the withdrawal of life-support systems, allowing natural death to occur. In such cases, every effort should be made to keep the patient free of pain and suffering, with emotional and spiritual support being provided until the patient dies. The National Association of evangelicals believes that in cases where extensive brain injury has occurred and there is clear medical indication that the patient has suffered brain death (permanent unconscious state), no medical treatment can reverse the process. Removal of any extraordinary life-support system at this time is morally appropriate and allows the dying process to proceed.(National)    The Union of Orthodox... ...rson cannot be legitimately interrupted. The use of painkillers to alleviate the sufferings of the dying, even at the risk of shortening their days, can be morally in conformity with human dignity if death is not willed as either an end or a means, but only foreseen and tolerated as inevitable. Palliative care is a special form of disinterested charity. As such it should be encouraged. (Catechism) WORKS CITED: National Association of Evangelicals of America http://www.euthanasia.com/evangel.html Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America http://www.ou.org/public/statements/1999/nate43.htm   Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod http://www.euthanasia.com/missouri.html Reformed Church in America http://www.euthanasia.com/lakes.html Catechism of the Catholic Church http://www.euthanasia.com/catech.html

The Effect of the Automobile on American Life

The automobile is one of the most important inventions in our countries history. It has totally affected the American way of life. Four main areas it affected are other transportation, roadways, rural life, and urban life. Automobiles affected other ways of transportation. Horse-drawn transportation was almost completely replaced. Trains and trolleys lost rides as cars became more affordable and popular. Roadways were then created. More than 400,000 miles of new road connected people and places. The construction of the new roadways created many jobs. Along the roadways structures such as filling stations popped up. Soon after drive-in restaurants, banks, movies, and convenience stores became popular. Tourist cabins were made for travelers passing through the country. Billboards advertising restaurants and products soon lined the streets. The automobile affected the farmers’ way of life. Farmers got their good to the markets faster, giving them a better income. It created greater contact between neighbors in the country, also. People in the country also gained access to shopping and leisure activity within the cities. The urban life was also affected by the automobile. They gained access to the country. Although most affects were for the better, the cities got hectic. Between traffic snarls and pollution the cities changed. The automobile also caused depopulation of inner cities to the suburbs. As the cities depopulated and automobiles became more popular there became a lack of parking of all the people driving to work. Parking in the city was very high. As a result the automobile changed the American way of life. The way the automobile affected the way of life still continues today. It’s still a major effect on people as in how and where they live and work.

John Steinbeck’s use of Realism Essay

John Ernst Steinbeck has written many award winning novels, some of which has even been produced as plays that captured audiences everywhere. Steinbeck wrote about real life experiences using realism, characterization, and dreams to emphasize his points and make an impact on his readers in order to reform or change society. The realism used in Steinbeck’s works is not only effective in informing the reader of circumstances that should be changed, but this nineteenth century literary style also creates great feelings of empathy toward the characters and their dreams. Steinbeck used realism to convey his points for a purpose, and his main purpose was that he wanted something to be made known to the public. Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath both tell of the hardships people went through and also the harsh conditions of their situations. The characters in both of these novels play and important role in personalizing the occurring events for the reader, making the novel more effective in getting the writers’ messages across to the audience. Steinbeck’s use of the American Dream and the will for the characters to succeed is also evident throughout the two novels. These dreams help the reader to relate to the characters, therefore making a bigger impact on those who read the novel. John Steinbeck’s novel â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath†, tells of a very harsh journey to California that the Joads, like many other families in the 1930s Depression era, embarked upon in order to find work and escape their dying farms in Oklahoma. During the depression a severe drought covered the plains, called the Dust Bowl. This natural disaster destroyed any chance that the farmers had of making a living, and they were forced to travel west and leave their homes in hopes of finding a job. Part of the novel’s sense of realism comes from the setting. The Joads head to California from Oklahoma and their journey is characterized by poverty, starvation, death, and suffering (Stegener 405). Steinbeck not only utilizes the setting as a sense of realism but also uses vivid description and specific details to draw attention to the numerous hardships encountered by the families forced to travel west in search of opportunity (Jackson 316). The first evening after the Joads leave their home, they stop on the side of the road to help another family. This family  is very thankful for the Joads help, and offers their tent for the Joads’ sickly grandfather, but unfortunately Grandpa passes away that night. The family is troubled from the very start of their journey and Steinbeck creates feelings of sympathy toward the Joads as well as the other families in the same situation. As the novel progresses, the family’s disparity becomes more and more evident. Grandma Joad dies shortly after Grandpa does and since the Joads are indigent and can barely meet ends to survive, they are forced to beg for money to bury Grandma Joad. Despite family’s disappointments, they just keep going (Britch and Lewis). As they continue to travel the Joads encounter many more obstacles, but there is one incident as the novel comes to a close. Rose of Sharon, the oldest daughter, goes into labor and her baby is stillborn. Rose of Sharon notices a dying old man who is malnourished and offers him her breast milk so that he might be able to survive. As the novel closes, the reader is left with despair and a sense of loneliness. Steinbeck’s uses of realism makes a strong impact on the reader, which makes this one of the greatest American novels ever written (Jackson 316). Of Mice and Men was also written during the time of the 1930s, the depression era. This novel is a short story of two men a small, short, and smart guy named George and a big, tall, mentally retarded man named Lennie. The novel is based around these two main characters and their journey to fulfill their dream to find true happiness on a farm that they can one day call their own (Hearle) In â€Å"Of Mice and Men† the use of realism is not only seen through the depressing life of George and Lennie, but it also shows the life that Crooks, a black stable hand on the farm, had. The character of Crooks is used to symbolize the social standing of the black community occurring during the time at which the novel is set. Crooks is a lonely African American on the farm that feels out of place. As George and Lennie explain their dream to Crooks he brushes them off and says that no one around here can implement their dreams. This realism gives the reader an impression that Crooks has absolutely no hope. However, Crooks may be pessimistic, but yet even he has a dream, which is the hope of one day experiencing the joys of  his childhood again. Crooks’ character is portrayed as very lonely in the novel, this is evident when Crooks explains, â€Å"A guy needs someone.† (Mice 77). Crooks is telling the reader the need of human interaction. This realism that Steinbeck uses shows the reader the harsh realities of the black community during the time of the depression in the 1930’s Steinbeck not only uses realism to make an impact on his readers but he also uses strong characterization to his advantage as well (Howard). By using characters such as Ma Joad and Curley’s wife, he is able to personalize the novel for the reader. This technique that Steinbeck uses makes the reader feel like he/she can relate with the characters’ struggles, therefore, creating a greater sense of understanding toward the characters’ situations (Horn). These two characters can best be described as strong, courageous, and they show great amounts of integrity as well as faith. In order to write a great book that will make an impact on the reader, the author must not only use realism but also have a strong sense of characterization for the reader to relate to. Steinbeck successfully achieved both of these aspects of a great novel. John Steinbeck’s character, Ma Joad in â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath†, is the epitome of a strong character. She is a supportive, loving woman, and surprisingly the family’s center of strength (Britch and Lewis). She is intent on keeping the family whole and together. The family looks to Ma Joad for their source of hope and encouragement. She is the emotional and physical backbone of the family, and it is very important to her to provide the family with comfort, nourishment, and support. â€Å"Without warning Grandpa began to cry. His chin wavered and his old lips tightened over his mouth and he sobbed hoarsely. Ma rushed over to him and put her arms around him. She lifted him to his feet,her broad back straining, and she half lifted, half helped him to the tent† (Wrath 185). Steinbeck makes it clear to the reader in this passage that Ma is the first to step up in times of need, and she puts others before herself no matter what. â€Å"Under the spread of the tarpaulin Grandma lay on a mattress, and Ma sat beside her. The air was stifling hot, and the flies buzzed in the shade of the canvas. Grandma was naked under a long piece of pink curtain. She turned her old head restlessly from side to side, and she  muttered and choked. Ma sat on the ground beside her, and with a piece of cardboard drove the flies away and fanned a stream of moving hot air over the tight old face. Rose of Sharon sat on the other side and watched her mother† (Wrath 285). The reader notices several times throughout the novel that Ma will care for anyone in need no matter what the circumstance. â€Å"In show of her fundamental spirit she accepts Casey into the family because the Joads just do not refuse ‘food an’ shelter or lift on the road to anybody that ask[s]'† (Britch and Lewis). She takes it upon herself to look out for to avoid any discouragement to the other family. Grandma dies in the back of the wagon with Ma by her side, but trying to avoid any discouragement to the other family members, Ma does not share the news until they have reached their stopping point. The strength that Ma shows in this situation is far great that any exhibited by the other family members. â€Å"Her capacity to care marks the measure of her self-respect. â€Å"As the action progresses her caring does not change in kind but rather grows in breadth and intensity† (Britch and Lewis). By creating such a noble character, Steinbeck greatly influences his readers, and his efforts in sharing the hardships these families in the 1930s went through are successful. The character of Curley’s wife is a very vivid and unique one. She represented the way that women were viewed by society as a whole. Steinbeck portrayed Curley’s wife as a temptress, when actually the woman is just craving for attention. Steinbeck made Curley’s wife stand out by the fact that she was the only woman on the ranch, she was the only one who dressed to impress, and the only person without a full name (Thesing). Steinbeck often used very colorful statements like â€Å"She had full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her fingernails were red. Her hair hung in little rolled clusters, like sausages. She wore a cotton dress and red mules, and the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers† (Mice 31). These vivid and wild descriptions that Steinbeck created for Curley’s wife is just one of the many characters that Steinbeck created, in order for the reader to feel or relate to what the character is going through. In Curley’s wife’s case she is an attention deprived woman that is just one of the many lonely people on the ranch. â€Å"Of Mice and Men† and â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† both examine the morality and necessary actions the characters choose as they pursue their dreams. Steinbeck uses the concept that dreams are better that reality, but that the dream is really hard to grasp. This concept is also used by three other famous authors who are Crane, Norris, and Dreiser (Benson 256-257). What is the American dream? The American dream is the faith held by many Americans, that through hard work, courage, and determination one can adhere financial prosperity and also some believe that it is led to an emphasis of material wealth as a measure of success and/or happiness. Like many people today the characters George, Lennie, Candy, Curley’s wife, and the Joads all wanted the American dream. Most of their dreams of success, wealth and prosperity were depleted by the harsh realities of life. Most of the characters in the novel Of Mice and Men have a dream of something. George and Lennie are best friends that go everywhere together. Their dream is to someday own a farm of their own and have rabbits to tend to. The dream to Lennie is an antidote to disappointment and loneliness, and he often asks George to recite the description of the farm to him. This dream is ultimately lost when Lennie kills Curley’s wife and George kills Lennie towards the end of the novel. This dream was later shared by two other friends on the farm, Candy and Crooks. As the reader can see these dreams are one way that the characters can cover up the loneliness and hopelessness of their existence. One other character in the novel that had a dream is Curley’s wife. Curley’s wife’s dream is her fantasies in becoming a part in movies and having a life of luxury. This dream is shattered and never fulfilled, because of the dissatisfaction of her life and when she is accidentally killed by Lennie. As the reader can see the dreamers in the novel are undermined by the hard facts of reality (Astro 43). In the 1930s the country suffered ecological devastation called the depression. During this economy downfall the mid-west prairie state families suffer from a large drought that leaves them with nothing to survive. This terrible phenomenon is called the Dust Bowl. In attempt to escape this unforgettable time, a family called the Joads dream of wealth and success in  the great state of California. In order to pursue their dream they have to leave their belongings behind. This journey carries death and suffering with it when Grandma and Grandpa Joad dies and many of the family members leave the family. The family left Oklahoma in order to find jobs in California (Hearle). The Joad’s dream, which is well known as the American dream, is shattered by certain events and conditions that the Joads faced. In conclusion, John Steinbeck’s style of writing impacted society just as he had hoped. He wrote about real life experiences and hardships to show the reader what people went through, like the Joads and the many characters in â€Å"Of Mice and Men†. Steinbeck informed the reader of what families had to overcome, which ultimately impacted whoever read his novels. The use of realism, characterization, and dreams in his two novels made them the greatest American novels in history. Works Cited Astro, Richard Dictionary of Literary Biography, volume 9: American Novelists, 1910-1915. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Ed. James J. Martine. Saint Bonaventure University. Gale Research 1981. 413-68 Benson, Jackson J., â€Å"John Steinbeck: Novelist as a Scientist,† in Novel: A Forum on Fiction. Spring, 1977, 228-264. Britch, Carroll and Cliff Lewis, â€Å"Growth of the family in The Grapes of Wrath,† in Critical Essays on Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath, Ed. John Ditsky, G.K. Hall. 1989, 97-108. Hearle, Kevin Dictionary of Literary Biography, volume 212: Twentieth-century American western writers. Second series. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Ed. Richard H. Carcoft Brigham Young University. Gale Research Group. 1999, 278-294. Horn, Jason G. Dictionary of Literary Biography: volume 275. Twentieth century American Nature Writers: Prose A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Ed. Roger Thompson, Virginia Military Institute, and J. Scott Bryson. St. Mary’s College. Gale Group 2003. 314-323 Jackson, Joseph Henrey. â€Å"The Finest Book John Steinbeck has written.† Contemporary Literary Criticism, volume 59. Ed. Roger Matuz. Detroit, MI: Gale Research Inc. 1990. 316-317. Levant, Howard. â€Å"The Novels of John Steinbeck: A Critical Study.† Contemporary Literary Criticism, volume 75. Ed. Thomas Volteler. Detroit, MI: Gale Research Inc. 1993, 356-351. Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath New York, New York: Penguin Books U.S.A Inc. 1992. Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men, New York, New York: Penguin Putnam Inc. 1993. Stegner, Wallace, â€Å"The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer† Contemporary Literary Criticism, volume 34. Ed. Sharon K. Hall. Detroit, MI: Gale Research Company, 1985. 405. Thesing, William B. Dictionary of Literary Biography, volume 7: Twentieth-century American Dramatists, first series. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Ed. John MacNicholas University of South Carolina, Gale Research. 1981. 271-276.

Beyond Pythagoras Essays

Beyond Pythagoras   Essays Beyond Pythagoras   Essay Beyond Pythagoras   Essay I have been asked to investigate Pythagorean triplets where the shortest side is an odd number and all the three sides are positive integers. A pythagorean triple is a set of integers (a,b,c) that specifies the lengths of a right angle triangle aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in which a is the shortest side b is the middle side and c is the hypotenuse. The first set of triples (3,4,5) which has already been proved to satisfy Pythagorass theory. I have also been given two other pythagorean triples (5,12,13) and (7,24,25) I will now prove these to satisfy Pythagorass theory aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =25 bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 12à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =144 cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 13à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =169 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =25+144 =169 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ so Pythagorass theory holds for (5,12,13) because they satisfy the condition of aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in a right angled triangle. aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 7à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =49 bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 24à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =576 cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 25à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =625 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =49+576 =625 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ so Pythagorass theory holds for (7,24,25) because they satisfy the condition of aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in a right angled triangle. I am now going to put my results in to a table so that I can predict more values: a b c 3 4 5 5 12 13 7 24 25 I will now predict the next two values in the table so I can work out a general formula for this pythagorean family. By using the differencing method I can see that a has a difference of 2 between each pythagorean triplet I predict the next two a values to be 9 and 11 From the table I can also see that there is a quadratic sequence for the b value so I predict the next two values to be 40 and 60 Also from my table, I can see the c value is b+1 so my two next predictions Im going to prove are: a b c 9 40 41 11 60 61 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 9à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =81 bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 40à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =1600 cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 41à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =1681 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =81+1600 =1681 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ so Pythagorass theory holds for (9,40,41) because they satisfy the condition of aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in a right angled triangle. aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 11à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =121 bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 60à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =3600 cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 61à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =3721 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =121+3600 =3721 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ so Pythagorass theory holds for (11,60,61) because they satisfy the condition of aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in a right angled triangle. My table now looks like this: a b c 3 4 5 5 12 13 7 24 25 9 40 41 11 60 61 When looking at the table I found a pattern so I am going to prove if it will work. 3à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =9 -4-5 (3,4,5) 5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =25 -12-13 (5,12,13) 7à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =49 -24-25 (7,24,25) 9à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =81 -40-41 (9,40,41) 11à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =121 -60-61 (11,60,61) aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = b+c aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = b+b+1 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2b+1 Now to prove if it will work for Pythagoras aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (b+1) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=2b+1 b+1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 2b + 1 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-1=b 2 Pythagoras theory is satisfied So now with 5 triplets that I have proved I will now find a general formula to find other pythagorean triplets in this family. By looking at the table its obvious that the formulae for a is a=2n+1 Im now going to find the general formulae for the b and c value. (b+1) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (2n+1)à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + b bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2b+1 = 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4n+1+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2b-bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4n+1-1 2b = 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4n b = 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2n c = 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2n+1 I now have the formulae: a =2n+1 b = 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2n c = 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2n+1 I am now going to prove that these formulae work aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (2n+1)à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ ) bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2n)à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ ) cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2n+1)à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (2n+1) (2n+1) 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2n+2n+1 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4n+1 bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2n) (2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2n) 4n +4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 4n + 8nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+8nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2n+1 cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2n+1) (2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2n+1) 4n + 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+ 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2n+2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2n+1 4n + 8nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+8nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2n+1 I will give an example of how to use the formulae for the 10th as the nth term: a =2n+1 =21 b = 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2n = 220 c = 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2n+1 = 221 the 10th pythagorean triple in this pythagorean family is (21,220,221) I am now going to investigate the 2nd pythagorean family. I will get this by doubling the values of the first family. (3,4,5) = (6,8,10) (5,12,13) = (10,24,26) (7,24,25) = (14,48,50) (9,40,41) = (18,80,82) (11,60,61) = (22,120,122) Using the internet for research I found out that there are in-between values so these are the pythagorean triples I have for this family now: (6,8,10) (8,15,17) (10,24,26) (12,35,37) (14,48,50) (16,63,65) (18,80,82) (20,99,101) (22,120,122) I will now prove that Pythagoras theorem holds for some of these pythagorean triplets. aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 6à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =36 bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 8à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =64 cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 10à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =100 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =36+64 =100 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ so Pythagorass theory holds for (6,8,10) because they satisfy the condition of aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in a right angled triangle. aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 8à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =64 bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 15à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =225 cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 17à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =289 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =64+225 =289 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ so Pythagorass theory holds for (8,15,17) because they satisfy the condition of aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in a right angled triangle. aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 10à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =100 bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 24à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =576 cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 26à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =676 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =100+576 =676 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ so Pythagorass theory holds for (10,24,26) because they satisfy the condition of aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in a right angled triangle. I am now going to find a general formula for the 2nd pythagorean family that I will name the b+2 family. From the values I have I know a = 2n+4 by using the differencing method I will now work out the b and c values. (b+2) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (2n+4)à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + b bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4b+1 = 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+16n+16+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4b-bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+16n+16-4 4b = 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+16n+12 b = nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4n+3 c = nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4n+5 I now have the formulae: a =2n+4 b = nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4n+3 c = nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4n+5 I am now going to prove that these formulae work aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (2n+4)à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ ) bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4n+3)à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ ) cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4n+5)à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (2n+4) (2n+4) 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+8n+8n+16 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+16n+16 bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4n+3) (nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4n+3) n +4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+3nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+16nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4n+12n+3nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+12n+9 n +8nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+22nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+24n+9 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = n + 8nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+26nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+40n+25 cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4n+5) (nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4n+5) n + 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+5nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+ 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+16nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+20n+5nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+20n+25 n + 8nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+26nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+40n+25 I will give an example of how to use the formulae for the 10th as the nth term: a =2n+4 =24 b = nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4n+3= 143 c = nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+4n+5= 145 the 10th pythagorean triple in this pythagorean family is (21,220,221) I am now going to investigate the 3rd pythagorean family. I will get this by tripling the values of the first family. (3,4,5) = (9,12,15) (5,12,13) = (15,36,39) (7,24,25) = (21,72,75) (9,40,41) = (27,120,123) (11,60,61) = (33,180,183) I will now prove that Pythagoras theorem holds for these pythagorean triplets. aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 9à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =81 bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 12à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =144 cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 15à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =100 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =81+144 =225 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ so Pythagorass theory holds for (9,12,15) because they satisfy the condition of aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in a right angled triangle. aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 15à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =225 bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 36à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =1296 cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 39à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =1521 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =225+1296 =1521 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ so Pythagorass theory holds for (15,36,39) because they satisfy the condition of aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in a right angled triangle. aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 21à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =441 bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 72à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =5184 cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 35à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =5625 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =441+5184 =5625 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ so Pythagorass theory holds for (21,72,35) because they satisfy the condition of aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in a right angled triangle. aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 27à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =729 bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 120à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =14,400 cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 123à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =15,129 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =729+14,400 =15,129 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ so Pythagorass theory holds for (27,120,123) because they satisfy the condition of aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in a right angled triangle. aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 33à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =1089 bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 180à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =32,400 cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 183à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =33,489 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =441+5184 =5625 aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ so Pythagorass theory holds for (33,180,183) because they satisfy the condition of aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in a right angled triangle. I am now going to find a general formula for the 3rd pythagorean family that I will name the b+3 family. From the values I have I have used the differencing method to find out that a = 6n+3 I will now work out the b and c values. (b+3) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (6n+3)à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + b bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+6b+1 = 36nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+36n+9+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+6b-bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 36nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+36n+9-9 6b = 36nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+36n b = 6nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+6n c = 6nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+6n+3 I now have the formulae: a = 6n+3 b = 6nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+6n c = 6nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+6n+3 I am now going to prove that these formulae work: aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (6n+3)à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ ) bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (6nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+6n)à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ ) cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (6nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+6n+3)à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (6n+3) (6n+3) 36nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+18n+18n+9 36nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+36n+9 bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (6nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+6n) (6nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+6n) 36n +36nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+36nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+36nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 36n +72nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+36nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 36n +72nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+72nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+36n+9 cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (6nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+6n+3) (6nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+6n+3) 36n + 36nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+18nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+36nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+36nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+18n+18nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+18n+9 36n + 72nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+82nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+36n+9 I will give an example of how to use the formulae for the 10th as the nth term: a = 6n+3 =63 b = 6nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+6n = 3660 c = 6nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+6n+3= 3663 the 10th pythagorean triple in this pythagorean family is (21,220,221)

Leslie Marmon Silko, “Lullaby” Essays

Leslie Marmon Silko, â€Å"Lullaby† Essays Leslie Marmon Silko, â€Å"Lullaby† Paper Leslie Marmon Silko, â€Å"Lullaby† Paper American Mosaic, July 2011 FOCUS: Leslie Marmon Silko, â€Å"Lullaby† â€Å"Lullaby† is a short story that first appeared in a book entitled Storyteller in 1981. This was a book written by Leslie M. Silko that uses short stories, memories, poetry, family pictures, and songs to present her message. The book is concerned, in general, with the tradition of story-telling as it pertains to the Native American culture. Lullaby seems to be a story of tradition, change, death, loss and the tensions fostered as a result of them between the old couple in the story and the Anglo-American authorities of the time. Throughout the story there are quite a few conflicts. Some are internal between Ayah and herself and others are external ones through Ayah, the white man, and Chato, her husband. The story is told by the main character, Ayah. She’s an old woman retracing tragic memories of life occurrences like the death of her son, Jimmie, in a helicopter crash during a war. She was not sure about what happened to him until a man in khakis drove up in a blue sedan and told her that he was dead and how he died. Jimmie was the one that taught Ayah to sign her name. She regrets this greatly as she relays the loss of her other two children who were taken by white doctors because they were thought to have a disease, allegedly given to them by their grandmother. They were taken because, in fear of the white men who were yelling and pointing for her signature, she â€Å"signed† the children away. Later on, when they were brought to visit, it was apparent the children were forgetting their customs and language; further evidence of the completeness of her loss. These events seem to have severely alienated Ayah towards Chato as well. Especially those specifically related to the children as indicated by, â€Å"She slept alone on the hill until the middle of November until the first snows came. Then she made a bed for herself where the children slept. She did not lie down next to Chato again until many years later when he was sick and shivering and only her body could keep him warm. † Ayah also speaks of her husband’s work (Chato) as a fence mender for a nearby rancher. She took offense at the exploitation Chato endured at the hands of the rancher that employed im, and let him go without hesitation when Chato gets too old to work. As a result they lost their home when the rancher told Chato he [and â€Å"his old woman†] had to be out of the shack [they lived in] by the next afternoon. Despite Ayah’s immense sense of devotion to Chato it seems apparent that she sees him as a weak husband and resents him deeply for it. Though much of the story is of Ayah’s reminiscences, its present tense has Ayah searching for Chato. She finds him walking along the road late on a very cold night [seemingly] in a daze brought on by illness [and wine]. While resting together beside the road she wraps Chato in the army blanket Jimmie sent her thereby eliciting comfort from a symbol of one of her greatest losses. The lullaby she sings to him at the end of the story, as they lie together in the snow, is one that her grand-mother and mother sang to her as a child and seems to provide a sense of closure for her as she sings it. It is one of the last pieces of tradition she can cling to from her own culture as she waits for death to take her and her husband from under the cold, clear winter sky.

Euhemerism and the Gods

Euhemerism and the Gods Euhemerism and the Gods Euhemerism and the Gods By Maeve Maddox As long ago as the 4th century B.C.E., a student of religion and myth named Euhemerus theorized that the gods and their stories had their origins in actual historical events. His name has given us the term euhemerism [yÃ… «-hÄ“mÉ™-rÄ ­zÉ™m]: interpretation of myths as traditional accounts of historical persons and events OED Much later, an Icelandic student of the Norse myths, Snorri Sturluson (1179-1241), suggested that the gods began as human war leaders. He speculated that cults grew up around the burial sites of kings and renowned warriors. The living visited the sites called upon the departed for help in battle. Eventually the dead heroes were remembered as supernatural beings with the power to bestow victory in war. Related words are: euhemerist: noun, one who follows the method of Euhemerus euhemeristic: adjective, ) of persons: Inclined to euhemerism; (b) of things: Of the nature of or resembling euhemerism euhemerize: verb, To subject to euhemeristic interpretation; To follow the method of Euhemerus. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Types of RhymeTime Words: Era, Epoch, and EonNominalized Verbs

Carnavelis Decision Making Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Carnavelis Decision Making Model - Essay Example The effectiveness of a nurse’s role is achieved through the assessment of the social, physical, mental, and spiritual and health factors which define the needs of the patient. This paper is based on a clinical case study where the roles of nurses in assessment of the patient and related factors and decision making and practice are discussed. The discussion is based on Carnevali’s model of clinical judgment and decision making which evaluated in terms of its effectiveness and impact on the execution of nursing roles in patient assessment and decision making. The assessment of Jack’s physical, social, mental, spiritual and health care needs will be based on an integration of critical thinking and observation. Wolf (2012, p. 20) explains that the ability of a nurse to identify the needs of the patient during the assessment process is effectively achieved through keen observation and application of higher cognitive processes of thought. Kearney and Penque (2012, p. 3 2) adds that the legal and ethical standards of nursing and evidence based practice should also be included in trying to identify the needs of the patient. In Jack’s case, his symptoms are used to assess his health care needs. For example his dehydration is identified through the nurse’s observation. This leads to a critical thinking process through which the nurse will make a decision of the nursing intervention and therapy which is relevant for his condition. The significance of Carnevali’s model of clinical judgment and decision making is disclosed in this case because effectiveness in assessment of the health care needs of the patient would only be achieved through observation of his symptoms. Carnival’s model presents the first stage of diagnostic reasoning process as the collection of information and data on the patient and the family (Carnevali, 2003, p. 45). Aitken, Marshall, Elliott and McKinley (2009, p. 38), add that the roles of nurses in pati ent diagnosis are guided by collection of patient data on the social and cultural aspects and applying them in the prescription of relevant intervention and therapy. Jack for example is affected by social factors such as lack of appropriate support and care from the parents. This is disclosed by the fact that the parents want to leave him in the hospital with a neighbor. Nonetheless, critical thinking and prioritization must be applied in nursing care to ensure that the health care needs of the patient are provided before further assessment achieved. Jack’s dehydration and weakness requires immediate nursing intervention even before a complete analysis of all factors surrounding his condition are ascertained. Huiqin and Thompson (2010, p. 2752) points out that nurses play a critical role in meeting the needs of patients for care with due consideration of the standards of care and maintenance of high standards in practice. However Carnevali’s model of clinical judgment and decision making fails to show emphasis on the role of ethical and evidence based nursing practice. In accordance to Carnaveli’s model of clinical judgment and decision making, the second stage in diagnostic reasoning process is entry into the patient assessment (Carnevali, 2003, p. 45). This includes priority setting. Jack’s health care needs are prioritized by the nurse because of his weak condition and continuous crying. This is the reason why the nurse must prioritize the health care needs of the patient. Sutcliffe (2011, p. 35) emphasizes that the Nursing and

Plato Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Plato - Essay Example ?The Allegory of the Cave† is taken from â€Å"The Republic† where he deftly handles the lack of knowledge of human beings and he elicits his answer from the mouth of Socrates his mentor. In this particular piece of writing, Plato cuts a clear distinction between knowledge of reality and shadows of illusion (ignorance) To portray this fact he takes the example of a cave in which human beings are chained to a wall with only a tiny light that casts shadowy images which some of the inhabitants take for reality. Those who are freed from the cave have a true knowledge of reality. Plato’s masterly use of imagery of light to depict knowledge and darkness to depict ignorance gives his essay the excellence it deserves, making it one of the most memorable ones. In his explanation of â€Å"absolute knowledge† and the way it affects the â€Å"shadows of images of justice†, he gives us another example of a person who is asked to look straight at the light. In doing so, the person is dazzled and feels pain and hence is unable to see the reality for what it is. But if his eyes get accustomed to the light, his vision would be clearer and he is moves on from seeing the shadowy images, to seeing the real objects. Finally he is able to gaze upon the sun in all its brightness and judge himself rightly. He would then be in a position to look back on his fellow prisoners who still live in the shadows of images and feel pity for them. This is what Plato means by â€Å"absolute justice†. According to Plato, it is better to suffer anything, than to live a miserable life filled with false notions and ideas. If a person lives a life in the shadows of ignorance, he would never learn the realities in life. But on the other hand, if his vision is not blocked or marred by the shadows of images, his vision would be so clear and he would be able to lead others out of their ignorance. In other words, if a person attains this beatific vision, he is unable to draw himself down to a lower level of

Film Report Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film Report - Movie Review Example The theme of the movie is the conflict between the two regions of the United States, the South being dominated by African-American slaves. The theme was clearly revealed, although there were already hints in the beginning that it involves war scenes, during the attack initiated by a black militia group to the houses owned by white Americans in the village, including the house of the Camerons. In emphasizing the central theme of the movie, Griffith used two separate families which supported different ideals, and the use of violence in the uprisings seen during the Civil War. 2) What were the choices made by the main characters and what were the consequences of those choices? Griffith is clear in his intentions that the choice of war was a result of aged-long slavery, and the use of violence to achieve the freedom that African-Americans longed was a way to depict superiority. Ben Cameron’s choice of engaging in a relationship with Elsie, instead of a woman from his place, and Ma rgaret’s love for the elder Stoneman, both resulted to a romance in between the war, and eventually led to love in between revenge against the African-Americans. In the end, it was a picture of an interracial relationship and marriage, and the desolation of death in wars. Moreover, Ben’s decision to organize a left wing group, though it paved way in forwarding their angst towards the demise of many white Americans, it created much more conflict, loss of lives, damages to property, and crisis in all sectors of society. Simply told, while both families chose to participate in a battle where nobody clearly wins, war did not create positive results at all. 3) What three or four sequences are most important in the film? Why? It is of personal intention to choose these important sequences in the movie that highlight its central theme. First scene was when the two Cameron ladies, Margaret and Flora, hurriedly went back to their home after noticing that chaos is happening. Bot h panicked while their family thought of the basement as a safe hiding place. The ransacks heated up the civilian wars. Next, the war fought by both Stonemans and Cameron took the life the younger Stoneman while Ben’s almost ended. The next sequence, Ben Cameron was brought to the hospital to be treated. The third scene, he met Elsie Stoneman who works as a nurse, with whom Cameron spent moments of admiration looking at the lady Stoneman’s photo. The two got married, a sign that amidst the impossibility, two people from different backgrounds can be at peace. Ben’s pardon to President Lincoln not to be punished culminated when, as the fourth sequence goes, Lincoln was assassinated. 4) Did the ?lm surprise you with anything unusual in its story, style, technique, or implications? Yes, it did. In fact, the film’s story is unique from the rest of black movies that highlight the miseries of African-American slaves. The movie chose to present the other way arou nd; the violence they asserted to the communities was highlighted that it aroused a negative impression of them. Moreover, the silent approach of Griffith in this movie introduced a new insight in understanding through visuals of the history. People may have a hard time appreciating his style, but it is a breakthrough from the usual that it made me watch it until

5B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

5B - Essay Example This seems to be an inconsistency in her behavior. While it is true that she is probably a very naà ¯ve little girl, even toddlers are made aware of significant dangers to avoid, such as large wolves appearing from the forest. If she is old enough to take food to her grandmother, Little Red Riding Hood is also old enough to know better than to fraternize with wolves. An alternate goal of this story might be a classic set-up job. The wolf refuses to attack children in the village where the men can easily attack him and thus rid the village of the danger he poses. At the same time, it is known that the wolf prefers young children and he is likely to go after Little Red Riding Hood if she is sent off to her grandmother’s house. If the little girl is instructed by the hunter to first tell the wolf where she’s going, the hunter can be sure to find him, making it possible to kill him. If the hunter was obliged to follow a discreet distance behind Little Red Riding Hood to be sure the wolf didn’t attack her on the way to her grandmother’s house, not knowing the wolf would run ahead and await the girl at the cottage, this would explain his late arrival and his failure to warn the old woman. In the fairy tale Rapunzel, there is no clear goal as to why the witch might demand an unborn child in exchange for the theft of some vegetables out of her garden or why she might lock the girl up in a tower once she becomes of marrying age. Associations of her as the overprotective mother are refuted by her complete refusal of Rapunzel once she learns of the prince, which should have meant a happy match for her ‘daughter’. Instead, I see the witch as obsessively consumed with ensuring she is provided with company until the end of her days. If the witch was growing the rapunzel plant as a needed ingredient for a cure for a loved one who is lost as a result of the stolen plants, this

Abortion Should Be Illegal Except in Cases Where Rape, Incest, or the Essay

Abortion Should Be Illegal Except in Cases Where Rape, Incest, or the Health of the Mother Is Involved - Essay Example My response to this question is in the negative. A woman’s conscience does not respond to the call of abortion normally and her heart is like the oases of love. But hard and unexpected developments relating to her health drive her to that option. During the course of a medical examination, the doctor informs the pregnant mother that the growing fetus will develop physical deformities and the child will also suffer from mental disorders. By the current standards of medical billing, even to bring up a normal child is a difficult proposition (notwithstanding the insurance reimbursements) and to take care about a physically challenged child for a middle-class family is a tough option. Psychological issues will also torment the parents of such a child. Who will look after about its welfare, when the parents are no more? Many types of deformities are incurable and the modern medical system is grappling with such issues. The child’s suffering added to the suffering of the pare nts can be prevented when the mother avails the option of abortion. Abortion, just because the parents or the mother do not want the child, should be illegal. A part of the society and some of the women activists strongly plead that abortion needs to be legalized and it must be the choice of the mother to have the child or not and her decision should be final for termination of the pregnancy. But pro-life activists are not willing to accept this stand. The unwanted child can be given for adoption after completing the legal formalities. This is a good alternative from sociological considerations. Why terminate the life before it had the chance to begin its innings? God knows what the future holds for that child. That child may be credited with sterling achievements in life. But when a woman is raped, a peculiar situation develops. Such pregnancies will not be to the liking of the woman. The legal procedures may take care of the individual who commits such a heinous crime, severe punishment may be awarded, but what can compensate the woman who goes through the process of intense suffering?     

Discussion Forum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Discussion Forum - Essay Example Many models of church leadership have been explained by Tidball (2008) as they were written in the letters constituting the gospels. Wiersby (2007) strongly bases his book on the derivation of church leadership by the words of God as written in the gospels so that one is able to truly serve God and serve the real purpose. The culture is an important component when considering the functionality of church leadership and how models have operated during times of different cultural dominance. One thing to note is the idea of gospels setting the direction for the churches as they operate ministries and leadership endeavors. This idea is evident in Dever and Alexander (2005) who say that a deliberate move should be taken in order to ensure that the church is functioning in a healthy manner such that it benefits the people and above all, serves God. 2) Church ministries are greatly influenced by the cultures in which operate and this why many pastors employ a culture driven approach to ministries. The culturally driven approach focuses on the environmental norms and the prevailing set of attitudes. However, the most important thing is the centrality of church ministries around the gospel which guides the direction of leadership work and pastoral care. A few of my local church involved in pastoral care and leadership employs a culturally driven approach to dealing with pastoral leadership. It ultimately focuses on the prevailing culture and then sets the practices that would help them attain outreach among the people. Growth and acceptance among the population is triggered through worldly forms of restoration. Modern forms of amusement are also incorporated as they comprise today’s culture in a highly dynamic and liberal society. This is to say, modern forms of entertainment are mixed with spirituality in order to introdu ce a culturally driven approach to ministry that recognizes modernity’s impact on church working. However, this approach is very superficial as it

Abortion Should Be Illegal Except in Cases Where Rape, Incest, or the Essay

Abortion Should Be Illegal Except in Cases Where Rape, Incest, or the Health of the Mother Is Involved - Essay Example My response to this question is in the negative. A woman’s conscience does not respond to the call of abortion normally and her heart is like the oases of love. But hard and unexpected developments relating to her health drive her to that option. During the course of a medical examination, the doctor informs the pregnant mother that the growing fetus will develop physical deformities and the child will also suffer from mental disorders. By the current standards of medical billing, even to bring up a normal child is a difficult proposition (notwithstanding the insurance reimbursements) and to take care about a physically challenged child for a middle-class family is a tough option. Psychological issues will also torment the parents of such a child. Who will look after about its welfare, when the parents are no more? Many types of deformities are incurable and the modern medical system is grappling with such issues. The child’s suffering added to the suffering of the pare nts can be prevented when the mother avails the option of abortion. Abortion, just because the parents or the mother do not want the child, should be illegal. A part of the society and some of the women activists strongly plead that abortion needs to be legalized and it must be the choice of the mother to have the child or not and her decision should be final for termination of the pregnancy. But pro-life activists are not willing to accept this stand. The unwanted child can be given for adoption after completing the legal formalities. This is a good alternative from sociological considerations. Why terminate the life before it had the chance to begin its innings? God knows what the future holds for that child. That child may be credited with sterling achievements in life. But when a woman is raped, a peculiar situation develops. Such pregnancies will not be to the liking of the woman. The legal procedures may take care of the individual who commits such a heinous crime, severe punishment may be awarded, but what can compensate the woman who goes through the process of intense suffering?     

President Barack Obama Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

President Barack Obama - Research Paper Example There is the United States of America.† His inspiring keynote speech appealed to all American’s who longed for politics with a common goal.   Throughout his 2008 presidential campaign, Obama remained true to this premise, promising to ease the partisan divide in Washington D.C.   However, he severely miscalculated the profound division between the political parties, misunderstood the reasons for the division, and assumed, erroneously, that his persuasive powers and political mandate would be enough to overcome it. The genesis of future difficulties began during his campaign. Obama’s overly optimistic message raised expectations so high for that those who voted for him were destined for disappointment.   The enthusiasm his campaign generated proved to be both beneficial and detrimental. While his message rallied many voters,’ especially unprecedented numbers of young persons and minorities encouraging them to anticipate change of a speed and scope that the political system seldom allows.   Following the inauguration the customary checks and balances of Washington were realized along with unexpected and extraordinary opposition of the minority party became apparent the feeling of hope present during the campaign turned into uncertainty and then disillusion. The Democratic Party made tremendous gains in the election of 2008. Barack Obama beat Republican John McCain in the presidential race by an overwhelming margin. Democrats also increased their majorities in both the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives. Obama’s won the national popular vote by margin of approximately ten million. â€Å"He has won by the largest margin for a non-incumbent candidate for president since Eisenhower in 1952.† (Fernando, 2011) Essentially, the election result was a mass rejection of George W. Bush administration policies along with the Republican Party’s political platform and effectively ended almost three decades of rule by the right-wing ideology. The

Triple Sugar Test in Microbiology Essay Example for Free

Triple Sugar Test in Microbiology Essay Triple sugar-iron (TSI) agar test- designed to differentiate among the different groups or genera of the Enterobacteriaceae, which are all gram-negative bacilli capable of fermenting glucose with the production of acid a. Differentiation is made on the basis of differences in carbohydrate fermentation patterns and hydrogen sulfide production. To facilitate observation of carbohydrate utilization patterns- TSI agar slants contain lactose and sucrose (1%) concentrations and glucose (0.1%) concentration which permits detection of the utilization of this substrate only. The acid base indicator phenol red- also incorporated to detect carbohydrate fermentation that is indicated by a change in color of the medium from orange-red to yellow in the presence of acids. a. Method to inoculate slant: stab and streak procedure which requires insertion of sterile straight needle from the base of the slant into the butt. Upon withdrawal, the slanted surface of the medium is streaked. Determining activities of the organism: a. Alkaline slant (red) and acid butt (yellow) with or without gas production (breaks in the agar butt): Only glucose fermentation has occurred. Glucose was degraded first. Since this substrate is minimally present, the small amount of acid produced on the slant surface is oxidized rapidly. Peptones in the medium are used in production of alkali. In the butt the acid reaction is maintained because of reduced O2 tension and slower growth of the organism. b.Acid slant (yellow) and acid butt (yellow) with or without gas production: Lactose and or sucrose fermentation has occurred. Since these substances are present in higher concentrations, they serve as the substrates for continued fermentative activities with maintenance of an acid reaction in both slant and butt. c.Alkaline slant (red) and alkaline butt (red) or no change (orange-red) butt- No carbohydrate fermentation has occurred. Instead peptones are catabolized under anaerobic and or aerobic conditions resulting in an alkaline pH due to production of ammonia. If only aerobic degradation of peptones occur, the alkaline reaction is evidenced only on the slant surface. If there is aerobic and anaerobic utilization of peptone, the alkaline reaction is present on the slant and the butt.

The Yellow Wallpaper and The Chrysanthemums -- Comparative, Allen, St

Restraints are set by parents on their children to aid with the developmental process and help with the maturity level. Restrictions and the ability to control exist in our society and our lives. We encounter restraints daily: job, doors, people, and the most frequently used and arduous become intangible. In the following stories tangible and intangible scenarios are presented. Autonomy, desires, and talents spurned by the husbands in John Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Chrysanthemums and Charlotte Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† The authors share views regarding a similar theme of male domination and imprisonment. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† involves the treatment of a depressed woman who is driven insane in a male imposed detention in her own room. On the other hand, Elisa Allen in the â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† struggles internally to find her place in a fully male dominated society with definite gender roles. The mirror-like situations bring upon a different reaction for both the women in different ways. The importance of symbolism, control from their husbands, and the lack of a healthy marriage will be discussed in this paper in two stories. Elisa Allen and the narrator of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† are both trapped in various ways and the sexuality leads to this entrapment. Elisa feels confined and limited; â€Å"the high grey-flannel fog of winter closed off the Salinas Valley from the sky and from all the rest of the world† (226). Trapped inside the house and feels isolated from the world outside. The chrysanthemums symbolize her scope of life where she devotes most of her time with this activity. The chrysanthemums, strong and thriving, portray Elisa’s current physical condition. She treats the chrysanthemums like her children; â€Å"she held the flower po... ...e husbands possess a male ego of power that leads to lack of understanding in their marriages. The wallpaper symbolizes the trapped narrator and the structure of the tradition. Also, Elisa’s chrysanthemums are discarded and the narrator’s feelings are disowned which portrays the rejection of women. Elisa ends up â€Å"crying weakly like an old woman† and settles for wine (233). The narrator’s actions lead to her husband fainting â€Å"but he did, and right across my path by the wall, so that I had to creep over him every time† (447). The narrator is insane and causes faintness in her husband, hoping that she now has an escape. To conclude, John Steinbecks â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† and Charloette Perkins â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† show two different outcomes mainly arisen due to being trapped inside an isolated house or a garden and having a limited life under a husband's control.

Chaucers Canterbury Tales - The Miller’s Tale and the Life of Christ E

The Miller’s Tale and the Life of Christ      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, he created a great majority of the individual tales by "borrowing" and reworking material from various sources. Most of these stories would have been very familiar to his medieval audience, and the changes he made in the standard version of these tales for his work would have been a form of tacit communication that would have added an extra dimension to each of them. Howard says that "... the tales possess a relatedness of their own within a world of other texts. They can be understood only with reference to shared formulas of language or generic traits..." (448). In the Miller's tale Chaucer parodies the Knight's Tale, which itself was "adapted from a longer tale ... from Italy ... from Boccaccio" (Howard 448), by combining and satirizing highly irreverent references to the life of Jesus Christ with the story of Oedipus to make the tale as bawdy and comical as possible. The Miller's tale introduces a carpenter, John, his wife, Alison, and a student lodger, Nicholas. The identification of John as a carpenter immediately causes the audience to relate these characters to another famous carpenter and his wife, namely, Joseph and Mary from the Bible. (quote) The character of John is similar to Joseph not only because of their shared profession, but also because of the shared situations with their wives before marriage. Chaucer mentions how it was a rather rash move for John to marry Alison, a woman much younger than he. He says "He might have known, were Cato on his shelf,/A man should marry someone like himself" (89). Just as Joseph was wary of marrying Mary because she was already pregnant such that he "did not want to expose her to p... ...t flood, cuts loose the ropes holding his tub to the ceiling and falls to the ground, breaking his arm in the process. The ridicule that John receives from the neighbors who have been told by Alison and Nicholas that he is insane, serves to create enough of a triumph as to symbolize Christ's resurrection. The triumph would not have been nearly as dramatic if it had merely consisted of Nicholas's recovery or Absalon's defeat because it would not have fulfilled Nicholas's main goal of "killing" his father and "marrying" his mother. Works Cited Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. England: Penguin Books, 1977. Howard, Donald R. Chaucer: His Life, His Works, His World. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1987. New International Version. Holy Bible. Michigan: Zondervan Bible Publishers, 1988. Wilson, A. N. Jesus: A Life. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1992.      

High School Practice for College Essay

High school life has been so much fun. I got very much involved with sports, particularly baseball, basketball and lacrosse. I played well and that made me somehow popular. I am a kind person and loyal to friends. I made many friends through the years and we spent many good times together, off-roading, going floating down Chattaoochee River or just hanging out. And when not in sports, I would spend time working at Brookfield country club on a driving range. I was so engrossed with so many enjoyable activities that I hardly noticed high school was almost ending. Eventually, my teachers reminded me that I had to start planning my life and determine what I really wanted to do after high school. The planning aspect was not that difficult because I had always known what I wanted after high school. Like many of us in our batch, I have always dreamed of having a college education. I felt like college education was what I had to do especially if I wanted to have a successful career. I wanted to take an associate degree in a university in Charleston that would prepare me to become a Wildlife and Game Warden. I would be so much thankful if I end up a warden for the state of Georgia. Though I knew what I wanted, I have not taken time to evaluate my capabilities and my readiness. Then I questioned myself whether I have what it takes to be in college. More questions kept popping in my head, like, am I prepared to be there or if ever I did get there, would I ever survive the challenges that laid ahead. I organized my mind and thought about my plus factors, those that would give me an advantage when I am there. Confidently, I could say, I would be able to blend with my friends and future classmates. This is because I have always been very sociable. Even if I have not had chances of leading groups or organizations, I have been a good follower and a good team player. Another factor that I realized would lead and get me through college is my passion for fishing. Fishing, they say, builds character and I firmly believe that. It is full of excitement, like life, the next trip, the next big one or the new reel. One cannot enjoy fishing when one does not have patience. My father taught me that. He and I had the same passion for fishing. This year, I caught a 2-pound bass and my father had it stuffed so we will remember our fishing memories. Someday I will be a professional fisherman or with luck, I may even have my own fishing show. That would complete me. Fishing has influenced a lot about me; my love for the country and the wildlife. The peace and serenity of nature gives me a sense of fulfillment. Something that perhaps complements with problems and difficulties with my family life. My parents were divorced when I was just three years old. My father lives in another state with his new wife and two other sons. I live with my mother, she also remarried and she has two step daughters. I did not have the luxury to remember having both parents together, even in special occasions. I had gifts, money and good times with friends, but holidays were always problems because I would not know with whom to spend it. I used to hide my tears many times when I see kids going shopping or dining with their parents. I felt, they were lucky. I know my mother and father were good people, and they would have stayed together if they could. They must have done it because it was the right thing to do. And I respect that. Childhood was tough for me, many times my dad missed my games; he did not even get to participate or coach my sports. We could not go fishing as much as I would have liked. I was always around people, but many of them, I did not know. I guess I was lonely and starving for a complete family. But I realized, no matter what, I had so much to be thankful for. All my families were all doing fine and in good health; I had chances of being with them, although separately, we did not have problems with finances and I was going to college. I am proud to have surpassed many of life’s trials even at an early age. The experience gave me strength and maturity to deal with the future. The blend of my personality, my skills, my love for nature and my experiences gave me my character. I know my character will lead me to success.

Understand Health and Safety Essay

A description of four different examples of accidents and/or sudden illnesses that might occur 1) The individual that you are supporting on an outing may choke on their food. This is usually caused by an object getting stuck in the back of your throat, this needs to be dealt with fast as it can result in the person stopping breathing if it is blocking their airways. 2) The individual that you are supporting on an outing may be epileptic and while you are out they could have an epileptic seizure. Epilepsy is a medical condition which causes a disturbance to the brain, this results in the individual becoming unconscious and having involuntary convulses of the body. People that have epilepsy have no control on when it is going to happen and sometimes can cause themselves harm when falling during the seizure. 3) The individual that you are supporting on an outing may have a cardiac arrest. A cardiac arrest occurs when an individual’s heart stops, this can happen for different reasons, this is mainly due to a heart attack but can also be because of shock, an electric shock, a convulsion or other illnesses or injuries 4) The individual that you are supporting on an outing may fall over and have severe bleeding. Severe bleeding is usually the result of a fall or injury, being the most common cause being glass. Aii An outline of the Procedure to follow if an accident or sudden illness should occur Choking and difficulty with breathing 1) You need to make sure the individual has nothing in their mouth and remove any dentures, use one finger with a glove on to sweep through the mouth and remove anything that is in there. 2) Encourage the individual to cough as  this might help move the object at the back of the throat. 3) Give the individual 5 back blows, bend the individual slightly forward and with the heal of your hand give the back blows in the middle of the shoulder blades. 4) If the object is still stuck then you should use the Heimlich manoeuvre also known as abdominal thrusts. To do this you need to stand behind the individual and put your arms around them, joining your hands just below the breastbone with one hand as a fist and the other covering it. 5) You need to pull your hands into the person’s body and upwards at the same time, with the force it should push the object out of the throat. 6) You should alternate between the back slaps and the thrusts until the object is removed. Epileptic seizure When an individual has an epileptic seizure you need to make sure that the area around them is as safe as possible and loosen all clothing. Once the seizure has stopped you need to check the individuals airways are clear and then put them into the recovery position. Try to make sure the individual is safe and comfortable and especially try to prevent head injury. You need to follow the protocol of the medication that can be given to help with a seizure such as at the support I work an individual has epilepsy and our protocol is if he is still in seizure after 10 minutes then we administer 0.5ml of madazolam buccal and then leave him for another 10 minutes and if he is still in seizure we need to give him the other 0.5ml if this doesn’t work then we are to phone an ambulance. Cardiac Arrest If an individual goes into cardiac arrest you need to call for medical help straight away. You need to give the individual mouth to mouth resuscitation, and chest compressions to stimulate the heart known as CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation) The supporting staff should have had attended a first aid course which will have taught them how to resuscitate. CPR is hard work and the compressions need to be in the correct place. Firstly you should check if the individual has a pulse and whether they are breathing, if not call for medical help and then start CPR which is two mouth to mouth breaths and then 30 chest compressions and you should carry this on until medical help arrives. Severe Bleeding If an individual has a severe bleed then you will need to apply pressure to the wound, if it is possible use a sterile dressing but if this isn’t available use any material that is absorbent. You will need to apply pressure to the wound for about 10 minutes to allow the blood to clot. If there is an object in the wound do not try to remove it but apply pressure to the sides of the wound. If it is possible lie the individual down and raise the affected part of the body. When dealing with individuals with severe bleeding you need to protect yourself. Your skin acts as an excellent barrier to infections, but if you have any broken skin then you must be careful, if the blood of another individual comes into contact with your eyes, nose or mouth then you must seek medical advice. Blood-borne viruses such as HIV or hepatitis can only be passed on if the blood of someone who is already infected comes into contact with broken skin. If available you should wear gloves, if not available cover broken area with a waterproof plaster. If possible wash your hand before and after coming into contact with blood Aiii A list of the principles to be followed for safer moving and handling 1) When making a decision on the best way to move an individual they must discuss this with the individual it concerns. 2) The individual should be encouraged to do as much as possible for themselves and only use minimum manual handling 3) Where able to you should use the aids to support individuals to move themselves 4) The employer has a statutory duty to provide lifting and handling equipment, but it is the responsibility of the staff to use it 5) You have the right to be safe but individuals also have the right to be moved with dignity and as safely as possible. Aiv An explanation of why it is important to follow the care plan and communicate with each individual when assisting and moving It is important to follow the care when assisting and moving an individual as these plans have been put in place to ensure the safety of the individual and yourself while you are  assisting them. You can have an input in the decision on how this should be carried out but it is the professional that makes the decision. It is important that you communicate with the individual while assisting and moving as this will help them to feel more relaxed and you should explain each stage of the move to them so that they are prepared for it. It will also help to stop the individual from becoming anxious as they don’t know what is happening. Av An outline of staff responsibilities for medication in a social care setting Staff responsibilities for medication in a social care setting are that they need to check that they are giving the medication to the correct individual so check that on the box or bottle of the medication the name matches the individual you are administering the medication to. Check that the medication sheet also has the correct person’s name on it. Check that you have the correct amount of the medication that it says to administer on the mar sheet. You should also get another member of staff to check the amounts you have got out to make sure they are correct to prevent a medication error. While administering the medication you should wear personal protective equipment such as gloves. Before giving the medication you should explain to the individual what the medication is for and what it is they are taking. You should then check the area around the individual to make sure they have swallowed them all and none have been dropped. If medication has been missed or medication has been given when it shouldn’t have been then you should let your manager know and phone NHS direct to seek professional advice. You should also then phone on call and let them know what has happened and what the health professional has advised. Avi A brief description of the agreed procedures for obtaining, storing, administering and recording the medication needed for the outing. a) Obtaining When obtaining the medication you should make sure that you are getting the correct medication for the individual that you are taking out on  an outing, you need to with gloves remove the tablets from the box and put them into a medication box that you can take out with you. If you need to take liquid medication with you then you should take the bottle with you and a meds tub to allow you to measure out the correct amount that the individual will need. If you do not know them amounts then you should write this down and take it with you. If the individual takes their medication with something such as yoghurt (this must be stated in their support plans) then you should either take this with you or ensure that you go somewhere where you will be able to buy some to use for giving the medication. b) Storing When going out you should store the medication safely, such as the tablets should be in a meds tub that fastens and is secure to make sure that the medication isn’t lost. c) Administering When administering the medication on an outing you should check that all the medication is still there and again check that it is correct. You should give the medication still respecting the individuals dignity to try and do it somewhere quiet and away from a busy place. If the medication is liquid form then you should put the meds tub on a flat surface to ensure that you pour out the correct amount. d) Recording When you get back home you should fill in the mar sheet to make sure the next time someone comes to give the individual medication they know that it has been administered, as if you forget to sign that it has been given another member of staff may think that they haven’t had it and seek advice on what to do, they may be then told o administer it as soon as possible and then this could result in an overdose all of this would be a medication error. Avii An explanation of why the social care workers accompanying the individuals on the outing should have specialist training before each of the following: a) Carrying out emergency first aid Staff that support an individual on an outing should have training for emergency first age first as without this they do not have the knowledge of what to do in an emergency correctly, such as what to do if an individual chokes or has severe bleeding. If they have had first aid training then the will be aware of what to do in the different situations that may occur while on an outing. By having this training it is  more likely that the individual will be given the correct support that is needed in the situation. b) Assisting with moving and handling Staff that support an individual on an outing should have training in assisting with moving and handling as this will result in the safety of both the staff and the individual that they are supporting as they will have a better knowledge of how they sho uld support the individual safely. If they do not have the training then they may do something wrong when assisting the individual and this could result in harming either themselves or the individual that they are supporting and by not doing it correctly they may not do it in a dignified way and this could upset the individual that they are supporting. c) Handling medication Staff supporting an individual on an outing should have training on handling medication to ensure that the medication is given to the correct person with the correct amount and in the way that the individual prefers. It will also mean that the individual is supported with medication in the best possible way and that there are no medication errors. Task B – Guide Bi A list of the laws relating to: a) General health and safety in the setting Manual Handling Regulations 1992 (amended 2002) Control of Substances Hazardous to Health 2002 (COSHH) Reporting of Injuries Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR) Health and Safety First Aid Regulations 1981 Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 Personal Protective Equipment 1992 b) Moving and handling Health and Safety at work Act 1974 Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (amended 2002) Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 Bii A list of the food standards that relate to social care settings Food Standards Act 1999 Food Safety Act 1990 Food Hygiene Regulations 2005 Biii An outline of the main health and safety responsibilities of: a) the social care worker The responsibilities of the social care worker are to keep themselves and the individuals that they are supporting safe. Social care workers should make sure that they follow all procedure that are in place when supporting individuals and when doing anything that has risks of harm. Staff should make sure that they use any equipment safely and only use it if they have had the specialist training on how to use the equipment. Staff when using equipment should make sure hair is out of the way to prevent it from becoming stuck in the equipment, You should communicate with you manager and make sure that you have adequate training and understand and follow the company’s policies and procedures around health and safety. You should report any illness, strains or injuries that you suffer as a result of doing your job as your employer may need to make changes to the way you work. If you become pregnant then you should inform your manager as it may mean that you are unable to do some of the things within your job role or may need to move somewhere where the chance of harm coming to you is slimmer. b) the employer or manager The responsibilities of the employer or manager are to make the workplace safe, they need to prevent risks to health, ensure that the equipment that is used is safe and that safe working practices are set up and followed by the staff, they need to ensure that all materials are handled, stored and used safely. Employers should inform you of any potential hazards from the work you carry out, chemicals and any other substances used by the employer. They should check that the right equipment is supplied for the work and that staff use it correctly and that the equipment is regularly maintained. They need to avoid potentially  dangerous work involving manual handling and if it cannot be avoided then they should take precautions to reduce the risk of injury. Employers need to supply staff with protective clothing free of charge. c) individuals using the service The responsibilities of individuals using the service are to make sure that they agree and follow their tenancy agreement. They should speak with staff to make it aware of the way that they would like to be supported when using assistive technology to reduce the risk of harm coming to themselves or the supporting staff. They should report any faults within their home so that it can be resolved before any injury or harm is caused to themselves or the supporting staff. If they do not have understanding of what faults are then supporting staff should make these known to the individual and support them to make the calls needed to get these fixed. Biv A description of the main points of health and safety policies and procedures To ensure the health, safety and welfare of everyone To protect people from hazards that might occur To control the keeping and use of dangerous substances Bv A list of work activities that should only be carried out after special training Manual Handling First Aid Clinical tasks such as taking temperature or blood pressure, changing dressings Giving Medication Bvi A description of how to access additional support and information in relation to health and safety Health and Safety is very important so it is always better to ask for more information than to guess and get things wrong. You might need extra information relating to legislation and guidelines, actions to take to ensure safety, concerns you have about a situation or person,  unhappy about the risks from a piece of equipment or another hazard or unclear about who has responsibility. If you need additional advice or support you should talk to your line manager, if your manager is unavailable and you are unable to find the information you need in your employers policies then the health and safety executive (www.hsc.gov.uk) should provide all the information you need. Trade Unions may also have the information that you need. Task C – Case Studies Ci Define the term ‘hazard’ and ‘risk’ The term hazard means something that could cause harm, danger or adverse health effects to an individual and the term risk means the likelihood or probability of a hazard causing harm to the individual. Such as a spill on the floor is a hazard and slipping on the wet surface is the risk. Cii Identify the hazards and risks in the case study above The hazard is a burs pipe in the roof and water running down the light fitting and onto the bathroom floor. The risks are that the individual that Winston is visiting may slip on the water and harm himself or he may get an electric shock as water is running into electricity or due to the water in the roof it may cause the ceiling to fall in. Ciii Explain how and when you would report the risks you have identified Firstly Winston should make sure his client is in a safe place and then turn off the water and electric at the mains. He would need to then report this straight away to his line manager and then get in touch with either the landlord or a plumber and an electrician and inform them of the burst pipe so that they can make arrangements for it to be fixed as soon as possible. Civ Describe how a risk assessment might help reassure Ellie’s mum and ensure Ellie’s safety By having a risk assessment in place for Ellie making her own way on the bus to the group the social worker will of identified all of the possible hazards and the level of risks connected with these. The social care worker will have come up with ways of avoiding these hazards which will ensure Ellis safety and Ellie’s mum will feel reassured Cv Describe how a social care worker should use the risk assessment to ensure Ellie is safe during the journey To make sure Ellie is safe during the journey the social care workers should follow the risk assessment as it will state all the risks to Ellie during her journey and will include what needs to be done to reduce the likelihood of the risks. It is the responsibility of the social care worker to make sure that they are aware of the risk assessment and if there is anything that they do not understand then they should seek additional advice from their line manager straight away. It is also the responsibility of the social care worker to report any changes that need making to the risk assessments as soon as possible to their line manager. The risk assessment must be up to date and revised as often as necessary for the safety of Ellie and the people that are working with her. Task D – Short Answer Questions Di List three hazardous substances that can be found in an adult social care setting 1. Cleaning Chemicals 2. Medication 3. Clinical Waste Dii Use the table below to describe safe practice for the handling of each hazardous substance Medication Body Waste Cleaning Fluids Storage The medication should be stored in a locked cabinet out of reach, only the authorised person should have the key for the locked cabinet, the cabinet should be at the correct temperature the medication needs to be stored at. The medication must stay in the packaging the pharmacy dispensed it in Body waste should be stored in a yellow bag sealed and put into the designated place ready for collection somewhere that will not cause infection risks. Cleaning fluids should be kept in a safe place preferably in a locked cupboard and in line with the manufacturer’s instructions. All cleaning fluids should be stored in the correct bottles with the correct labels on them. Use The staff giving medication must have appropriate training in the administering of medication. When handling body waste you should always be wearing protective clothing such as gloves and aprons, you should also make sure you wash your hands after handling body waste. When using cleaning fluids you should always follow the manufacturer’s instructions and wear protective clothing such as gloves and aprons. Disposal The correct method of disposal is to return any unused medication back to the pharmacy and not put in the bin. Body waste will be picked up from designated area by specialist waste contractors. You should always follow the manufacturer’s instructions when disposing cleaning fluids Diii Identify three common hazards related to handling and storing food 1. Poor hygiene so there is a risk of infection 2. Not reheating food to the correct temperature 3. Storing uncooked meat on the top shelf in the fridge Div Explain how to: a) Store food safely You need to ensure when storing food that you store it at the correct temperature, cover and label the food so that others know when it has been opened and when it will no longer be edible. You need to make sure that uncooked and cooked foods are kept separately to avoid contamination. b) Handle food safely When handling food you should keep yourself clean, you should wear protective clothing, keep the workplace you are working in clean and tidy, you should use separate utensils and other equipment for different types of food such as chopping boards with different colours for cooked meat and vegetables etc, You should wash your hands regularly and thoroughly. c) Dispose of food safely When disposing food you should make sure leftover food is disposed quickly, ensure that the bins are emptied frequently and that and anything that is dropped or spilt is cleaned up quickly. Dv Identify three common signs or indicators of stress 1. Feeling tense, uptight or angry 2. disturbance of sleep pattern 3. headaches/migraines Dvi Give two examples of circumstances or situations that may cause a person to feel stressed 1. One example of circumstances or situations that may cause a person to feel stressed is work pressure, such as if someone has been set some targets to meet within a given time and they are struggling to meet these targets they may become tired and anxious and this may result in them becoming stressed due to a build up of work and feeling that it is on top of  them. 2. Another One example of circumstances or situations that may cause a person to feel stressed is being in debt as this may make them feel that they are unale to cope and, they may be worrying all the time where they are going to get the money from to pay the debt and this may result in a decrease in their self esteem and self worth and make them question their ability to support a family. They may also be worrying that they may be kicked out and have nowhere to live with their family if they dont find the money to pay. Dvii Identify and describe two ways of managing stress 1. One way in which an individual can manage stress is by physical activity, as this uses up the extra energy the body produces when they are stressed, this could be things such as walking, jogging, going to the gym, boxing etc. 2. Another way in which an individual can manage stress is by taking your mind off of the issue for a while by doing something else, by doing this it allowes you to come back to the problem with a clear head later on. This could be doing things such as gardening, going to the cinema, pampering etc. Task E – Leaflet Infection Control Ei A list of the routes by which infection can enter the body Infection can enter the body down the respiratory tract into the lungs. Illnesses such as coughs, colds, influenza and other common airborne infections are usually passed on this way. Infection can enter the body through breaks in the skin. You skin works as an excellent barrier against infection but if you have an open cut then infection can enter the body through the cut. Infection can enter the body down the digestive tract. If you have a drink or eat any food that is contaminated then this can infect your stomach or bowels. This kind of infection usually results in vomiting  or diarrhoea Infection can enter the body through the urinary and reproductive system. This kind of infection can remain localised or sometimes can then get into the blood. Most commonly sexually transmitted diseases infect the genitals. HIV and the AIDS virus is carried in bodily fluids and can be passed on through coming into contact with an infected persons saliva, seminal fluid or blood. Eii A description of how our own health or personal hygiene may place others at risk in the workplace Our own health or personal hygiene may put others at risk in the workplace as it is very important that you wash your hands regularly as if you have come into contact with infections and bacteria and then touch other things then you are leaving them all over and then when others touch things such as the banister on the stairs then they are also picking this bacteria up which could cause infection. You should always wear personal protective clothing when supporting an individual with any form of personal care where you come into contact with bodily fluids such as saliva or urine, this is not just to protect you but to protect the individual you are supporting from any infection that you may have picked up. You take care not to sneeze or cough on others as this could pass on infections to others, You should constantly using antibacterial spray to wipe down all surfaces to prevent cross con tamination. Eiii An explanation of the most effective ways to wash hands 1) Remove any rings or jewellery from the hands or wrists 2) Using warm running water thoroughly wet your hands 3) Squirt liquid soap onto the palm of one of your hands 4) Rub your hands together until you make a lathers 5) Scrub your hands with the palm of your hand over the back of the other hand and making sure you rub between the fingers, the wrists, forearms and under your nails. 6) Rinse off the soap with clean water 7) When turning off the taps use a paper towel to avoid getting bacteria back on your hands 8) When drying your hands use a single use towel or an air dryer 9) When leaving the bathroom try to prevent touching dirty surfaces as you are leaving the bathroom. Eiv A description of how and when to use personal protective equipment You should use personal protective equipment for any procedure that involved bodily contact or means that you will be coming into contact with anybody waste or fluids. This is because it will reduce the risk of infections spreading such as if you get it on your clothes and then come into contact with another person. At the end of each procedure you should take off the protective clothing such as aprons and gloves and dispose of them correctly. You should use new protective clothing when coming into contact with each different individual. Environmental Safety An outline of how to prevent and what to do in the event of: Ev Fire To prevent a fire you should fit smoke alarms and test then regularly and change the batteries annually, never leave the stove unattended when using it, keep portable heaters away from furniture, furnishings and flammable items and when leaving the house make sure you turn them off, Do not leave any electrical turned on when not in use and turn the main switches off when not using them and at night unplug all electrical items that are not being used, if possible do not use multi-way socket adapters and do not run electrical leads under the carpet. In the event of a fire you should call the fire service straight away when the fire alarm sounds. You should try to evacuate the building as fast as possible following the personal emergency evacuation plans for each of the individuals in the building and also following the fire safety procedure. If possible you  should try to get the individuals out of the building if it is safe for you to do so. Before entering any of the rooms with the back of your hand you should touch the door handle to see if it is hot, if it is then you should not open this door as it will let oxygen in and make the fire worse. You should always stay close to the floor if there is a lot of smoke as it raises so you are safer the closer to the floor you are as you won’t be inhaling as much smoke. If possible have a wet towel over your mouth to prevent the smoke getting into your lungs. Keep all doors closed as if you have fire doors then this can give you extra time to get out of the building. Evi Gas Leak To prevent a gas leak you should check that all appliances that use gas are turned off e.g. cooker, fire, radiators. In the event of a gas leak you should dial 999 for help and/or inform your health and safety officer/manager straight away, You should not turn any switches on or off, you should go to the assembly point and remove yourself and others from the building immediately, the incident should also be recorded. Evi Flood To prevent a flood you should make sure that everyone knows where and how to turn the water off and all taps should not be left running in the bath or sink. In the event of a flood you should turn off the water supply, call 999 or inform your health and safety officer immediately, do not turn switches on or off and remove yourself and others from the building as quickly as possible in case water and electric mix as this can be very dangerous. Evii Intrusion To prevent an intrusion you should being vigilant of security of building  i.e. doors, windows and make sure these are shut and locked when you are not home and at night. Do not give out spare keys to others or key codes and follow a procedure check list such as at night going round and making sre all windows and doors are shut and locked. In the event of an intrusion dial 999 and tell them what has happened, if possible go to a room with a lock and lock yourself in there, if not try to get out of the building and take others with you. Eviii Security Breach To prevent a security breach keep all confidential information locked away or passworded on the computer, keep all documents out of sight and never leave them laying about. Keep all doors and windows locked. In the event of a security breach try to leave the building safely with others, dial 999 and report to them.